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Rentas petroleras, subsidios e impuestos a los combustibles en Colombia: ¿Qué ocurrió durante el choque reciente de precios?

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Abstract

En el Marco Fiscal de Mediano Plazo de 2008 se afirma que buena parte de los recursos provenientes del reciente choque petrolero se destinaron a la financiación del subsidio a los combustibles. En este documento se contrasta esta afirmación mediante el cálculo del efecto del choque petrolero sobre los ingresos netos del sector público. De manera complementaria, se comparan los impuestos al consumo de los combustibles con el valor del subsidio, con el fin de establecer el efecto neto sobre las finanzas públicas. Los datos indican que el choque aumentó los ingresos del sector público de 2,1% a 3,8% del PIB entre 2001 y 2008, lo cual representa un incremento del 1,7% del producto. Los datos igualmente revelan que durante los últimos años, el monto de los subsidios fue inferior al de los impuestos, lo que se traduce en un beneficio neto positivo para el fisco. Desde una perspectiva de mediano plazo, la crisis financiera internacional y la consecuente reducción en las cotizaciones externas del crudo darán lugar a una disminución de los ingresos fiscales, similar al monto de recursos obtenido durante la bonanza. Esta situación demandará un esfuerzo significativo en materia de ingresos y gastos para evitar el deterioro fiscal.

Suggested Citation

  • Hernán Rincón & Ignacio Lozano & Jorge Ramos, 2008. "Rentas petroleras, subsidios e impuestos a los combustibles en Colombia: ¿Qué ocurrió durante el choque reciente de precios?," Borradores de Economia 541, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:541
    DOI: 10.32468/be.541
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    1. Hernán Rincón & Aaron Garavito, 2004. "Mercado Actual de la Gasolina y del ACPM en Colombia e Inflación," Borradores de Economia 3202, Banco de la Republica.
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    Cited by:

    1. Luis Ignacio Lozano, 2011. "Caracterización macro de la política fiscal en Colombia y postura frente a la crisis global (2008-2009)," Revista Cuadernos de Economia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID, June.
    2. Parra, Juan Felipe, 2016. "La política de precios de la gasolina en Colombia: Antecedentes, impacto distributivo y su relación con la crisis fiscal [Gasoline price policy in Colombia: Background, distributive impact and its ," MPRA Paper 74733, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Martha Elena Delgado-Rojas & Hernán Rincón-Castro, 2017. "Incertidumbre acerca de la política fiscal y ciclo económico," Borradores de Economia 1008, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Choque petrolero; efectos fiscales; subsidios; impuestos a los combustibles.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q33 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation - - - Resource Booms (Dutch Disease)
    • H60 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - General
    • H71 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
    • H77 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism
    • H20 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - General

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