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Inflation Expectations: Rationality, Disagreement and the Role of the Loss Function in Colombia

Author

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  • Andrey Duván Rincón-Torres
  • Andrés Felipe Salas-Avila
  • Juan Manuel Julio-Román

Abstract

We study the behaviour of three quantitative sample surveys and a non sample inflation expectation report for Colombia. We found that expectations in Colombia; (i) are not strongly, i.e. a la Muth, rational because they show cross-section disagreement, (ii) expectations, however, show some features of weak rationality, (iii) expectations disagreement is time varying and relate to inflation, inflation changes and the output gap, thus suggesting a staggered information flow to agents, (iv) the forecast error loss function employed by agents is not symmetric and increasingly penalizes higher expectations than finally observed inflation as the horizon grows, and (v) this fact also explains the stylised fact that observed expectation share with theoretical rational expectations that expectations look like lagged versions of inflation that dampen with the horizon. The latest finding also arises from a very general econometric set up we develop in this paper. These results imply that the effect of weakening the rational expectations assumption in Colombian monetary policy models should be assessed, especially when compared to sticky information and heterogeneous agents choosing non Mean Square forecast Error losses. **** RESUMEN: Analizamos tres encuestas cuantitativas muestrales y un reporte no muestral de expectativas de inflación para Colombia. Encontramos que las expectativas en Colombia:(i) no son fuertemente, a la Muth, racionales debido a que exhiben descuerdo en cada corte transversal; (ii) sin embargo, muestran características de racionalidad débil; (iii) el desacuerdo es tiempo variante y se relaciona con la inflación, sus cambios y la brecha del PIB, sugiriendo un flujo escalonado de la información para formularlas; (iv) la función de pérdida ante errores de expectativas no es simétrica y penaliza de forma creciente las expectativas más altas que la inflación observada en la medida que se extiende el horizonte; y (v) este resultado explica también el hecho estilizado que comparten las expectativas observadas y las teóricas que las expectativas parecen versiones rezagadas de la inflación observada que se suavizan con el horizonte. Este hallazgo surge también de un esquema econométrico muy general que desarrollamos en este artículo. Estos resultados implican que se debe establecer el efecto de debilitar el supuesto de expectativas racionales en los modelos para la política monetaria, especialmente cuando se comparan con modelos con flujos escalonados de información y agentes heterogéneos que escogen funciones de pérdida distintas al Error Cuadrático Medio de pronósticos.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrey Duván Rincón-Torres & Andrés Felipe Salas-Avila & Juan Manuel Julio-Román, 2023. "Inflation Expectations: Rationality, Disagreement and the Role of the Loss Function in Colombia," Borradores de Economia 1262, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1262
    DOI: 10.32468/be.1262
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. N. Gregory Mankiw & Ricardo Reis & Justin Wolfers, 2004. "Disagreement about Inflation Expectations," NBER Chapters, in: NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2003, Volume 18, pages 209-270, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Carlos Capistr¡N & Allan Timmermann, 2009. "Disagreement and Biases in Inflation Expectations," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 41(2-3), pages 365-396, March.
    3. Carlos Capistrán & Allan Timmermann, 2009. "Disagreement and Biases in Inflation Expectations," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 41(2‐3), pages 365-396, March.
    4. Branch, William A., 2007. "Sticky information and model uncertainty in survey data on inflation expectations," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 245-276, January.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Inflation Expectations; expectation disagreement; near unit root; weak and strong rationality; non symmetric loss function; Expectativas de inflación; desacuerdo de las expectativas; cercanía a una raíz unitaria; Racionalidad débil y fuerte; función de pérdida asimétrica;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C53 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Forecasting and Prediction Models; Simulation Methods
    • C82 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data; Data Access
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • E37 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications

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