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The gender wage gap in Italy

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  • Roberta Zizza

    (Bank of Italy)

Abstract

The paper estimates the gender wage gap in Italy, taking into account two salient features of the economy: the low rate of women�s labour market participation and the high share of self-employment. It exploits the Bank of Italy�s survey on household income and wealth, which contains information making it possible to control for several socio-economic characteristics and provides valid exclusion restrictions for the choice of working versus not working and for the choice of salaried employment versus self-employment. The wage gap is found to be increasing over time; in 2008 it was equal to 13 per cent. The paper also exploits newly available data from the Eurostat Structure of Earnings Survey to investigate to what extent the performance-pay component of the wage (i.e. bonuses) explains the total gap. Both the overall gap and that in bonuses are found to be significant, even for workers with the same occupation in the same firm. However, the contribution of the gap in bonuses to the overall gap is negligible, given the small share of bonuses in total earnings.

Suggested Citation

  • Roberta Zizza, 2013. "The gender wage gap in Italy," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 172, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdi:opques:qef_172_13
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    File URL: https://www.bancaditalia.it/pubblicazioni/qef/2013-0172/QEF_172.pdf
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Marilena Furno, 2020. "Returns to Education and Gender Wage Gap Across Quantiles in Italy," Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics, Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics, vol. 12(2), pages 145-169, June.
    2. Francesca Carta, 2019. "Female labour supply in Italy: the role of parental leave and child care policies," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 539, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    3. Gnesi, Chiara & De Santis, Stefano & Cardinaleschi, Stefania, 2016. "The Gender Pay Gap in Italy: Some Evidence on the Role of Decentralized Collective Bargaining /La brecha salarial de género en Italia: Algunas evidencias sobre el papel de la negociación colectiva des," Estudios de Economia Aplicada, Estudios de Economia Aplicada, vol. 34, pages 109-132, Enero.
    4. Giovanni D�Alessio, 2018. "Gender wealth gap in Italy," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 433, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    5. Demetrio Guzzardi & Elisa Palagi & Andrea Roventini & Alessandro Santoro, 2022. "Reconstructing Income Inequality in Italy: New Evidence and Tax Policy Implications from Distributional National Accounts," World Inequality Lab Working Papers halshs-03693201, HAL.
    6. Marilena Furno, 2014. "Returns to education and gender gap," International Review of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(5), pages 628-649, September.
    7. Giacomo De Giorgi & Marco Paccagnella & Michele Pellizzari, 2013. "Gender complementarities in the labor market," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 183, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    8. Ciani, Emanuele, 2016. "Retirement, pension eligibility and home production," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 106-120.
    9. Melanie Jones & Ezgi Kaya, 2024. "Performance‐related pay and the UK gender pay gap," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 63(4), pages 512-529, October.
    10. Giulia Mancini, 2018. "Women's Labor Force Participation in Italy, 1861-2011," Rivista di storia economica, Società editrice il Mulino, issue 1, pages 3-68.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    female employment; occupational choice; performance pay; productivity.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J30 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - General
    • J71 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - Hiring and Firing

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