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Reflexiones sobre el diseño de un Fondo de Recuperación europeo

Author

Listed:
  • Óscar Arce

    (Banco de España)

  • Iván Kataryniuk

    (Banco de España)

  • Paloma Marín

    (Banco de España)

  • Javier J. Pérez

    (Banco de España)

Abstract

La Unión Europea (UE) requiere de una acción rápida, duradera y suficiente ante la crisis sanitaria y económica provocada por el Covid-19. Las respuestas dadas por el Banco Central Europeo (BCE) y el Consejo de la UE han sido efectivas para mitigar la incidencia de la crisis en el corto plazo y reducir los riesgos de su propagación, facilitando que los Estados miembros (EEMM) puedan movilizar un volumen significativo de recursos. No obstante, la dimensión de la crisis ha puesto en evidencia la falta de instrumentos clave de política económica comunes. En este documento se analizan las condiciones necesarias para una respuesta europea eficaz ante la crisis y sus posibles consecuencias futuras. En primer lugar, se esbozan los elementos básicos sobre los que debería pivotar la estrategia de recuperación, basada en dar una respuesta conjunta a los retos estructurales comunes —como la lucha contra el cambio climático, la digitalización, el aumento del nivel de inversión en salud pública y prevención sanitaria o una reestructuración de amplias áreas del tejido productivo—, con nuevos recursos y con un renovado impulso reformista. En segundo lugar, se detalla una propuesta para el diseño de un «Fondo de Recuperación» que permita movilizar recursos, con el doble objetivo de facilitar el mantenimiento de unas condiciones de financiación adecuadas para la deuda soberana de los EEMM —lo que exige dotar al Fondo de una capacidad de compra de títulos de deuda pública durante plazos dilatados— y de impulsar la financiación de proyectos específicos de naturaleza estructural afines a las necesidades estratégicas del conjunto de la UE. Este instrumento debe ser eficiente (regido por el principio de uso adecuado y proporcional de los recursos públicos), solidario (haciendo especialmente accesibles sus recursos a aquellos que más lo necesiten), equilibrado (eliminando riesgos de transferencias permanentes inducidos por comportamientos oportunistas de los miembros) y con una condicionalidad en el uso de sus recursos ligada a los propios objetivos de la estrategia de recuperación, con especial énfasis en potenciar las palancas de crecimiento. En la medida en que nace ligado a una estrategia europea de medio y largo plazo, el Fondo debería tener una vocación de vigencia durante un horizonte muy amplio, dando lugar posiblemente a una estructura permanente, y estar respaldado por el presupuesto de la UE, debidamente reforzado mediante recursos adicionales de los EEMM y por ingresos procedentes de la eventual implantación de nuevas figuras tributarias a escala de la UE.

Suggested Citation

  • Óscar Arce & Iván Kataryniuk & Paloma Marín & Javier J. Pérez, 2020. "Reflexiones sobre el diseño de un Fondo de Recuperación europeo," Occasional Papers 2014, Banco de España.
  • Handle: RePEc:bde:opaper:2014
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    Citations

    RePEc Biblio mentions

    As found on the RePEc Biblio, the curated bibliography for Economics:
    1. > Economics of Welfare > Health Economics > Economics of Pandemics > Specific pandemics > Covid-19 > Economic policy > Tax revenue

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Fondo de Recuperación; deuda soberana; gobernanza económica europea; Unión Europea; política fiscal;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E02 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General - - - Institutions and the Macroeconomy
    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • F55 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - International Institutional Arrangements

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