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Spatial poverty and inequality in South Africa: A municipality level analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Anda DAVID
  • Nathalie Guilbert
  • Nobuaki Hamaguchi
  • Yudai Higashi
  • Hiroyuki Hino
  • Murray Leibbrandt
  • Elnari Potgieter
  • Muna Shifa

Abstract

Using the 2011 South African population census, we provide income and multidimensional poverty and inequality estimates at the municipal level. We go on to estimate a spatial econometric model to identify the correlates of poverty across municipalities in South Africa. Our results show that both income and multidimensional estimates of poverty and inequality vary significantly across municipalities in South Africa. In general, areas that are historically characterized by low economic and welfare outcomes still experience significantly higher poverty and deprivation levels. Using both global and local spatial autocorrelation measures we find significant and positive spatial dependence and clustering of regional development indicators. The situation of poverty is both spatially unequal and autocorrelated. Results from our spatial econometric analysis indicate that there is a negative and significant relation between the municipal poverty levels and local levels of education and economic activity (GDP per capita). We also find a significant and positive relationship between municipal poverty levels and local inequality levels, suggesting that municipalities with higher levels of inequality also have higher incidences of poverty. In contrast, natural geographic factors such as rainfall and temperature are not significantly related to municipal poverty.

Suggested Citation

  • Anda DAVID & Nathalie Guilbert & Nobuaki Hamaguchi & Yudai Higashi & Hiroyuki Hino & Murray Leibbrandt & Elnari Potgieter & Muna Shifa, 2018. "Spatial poverty and inequality in South Africa: A municipality level analysis," Working Paper 58a28f2f-2779-40ba-945b-6, Agence française de développement.
  • Handle: RePEc:avg:wpaper:fr8253
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    Cited by:

    1. Mathilde MAUREL, 2018. "Régionalisme en Afrique : coûts de transport soft and hard," Working Paper a6f76318-cb2e-44b5-8463-f, Agence française de développement.
    2. Samuel Olusegun, Ajanaku & Oseni, Tunde, 2022. "Administrative Capacity and Service Quality of Local Governments in Oyo State, Nigeria," Lead City Journal of the Social Sciences (LCJSS), Lead City University, vol. 7(1), pages 1-15, December.
    3. Bridgman, Grace & von Fintel, Dieter, 2022. "Stunting, double orphanhood and unequal access to public services in democratic South Africa," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    4. Olalekan Ayub, Akeem & Shamsiyyah Iliya, Rahamatu & Abubakar, Usman, 2022. "Health Seeking Behaviours of the Aged Population in Nigeria," Lead City Journal of the Social Sciences (LCJSS), Lead City University, vol. 7(1), pages 82-101, December.
    5. Onyemechi Okocha, Desmond & P. Echoi, Michael P. Echoi, 2022. "Netizens' Detection and Mitigation of Crimes in the Digital Environment in Nigeria: A Qualitative Analysis," Lead City Journal of the Social Sciences (LCJSS), Lead City University, vol. 7(1), pages 26-48, December.
    6. Vusi Gumede, 2021. "Revisiting Poverty, Human Development and Inequality in Democratic South Africa," Indian Journal of Human Development, , vol. 15(2), pages 183-199, August.
    7. Campbell, Omolara & Ogunro, Toluwalope, 2022. "Human Capital Development and Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria: Evidence from ARDL Model," Lead City Journal of the Social Sciences (LCJSS), Lead City University, vol. 7(1), pages 112-123, December.
    8. Tiaan MEIRING & Catherine KANNEMEYER & Elnari POTGIETER, 2018. "The Gap Between Rich and Poor: South African Society’s Biggest Divide Depends on Where You Think You Fit In," Working Paper ffd19ae8-4b12-4b82-b218-8, Agence française de développement.
    9. A. Adedeji, Adebisi, 2022. "Apex Bank Intervention and Agricultural Development in Nigeria," Lead City Journal of the Social Sciences (LCJSS), Lead City University, vol. 7(1), pages 16-25, December.
    10. Małgorzata Ćwiek & Katarzyna Maj-Waśniowska & Katarzyna Stabryła-Chudzio, 2021. "Assessment of Poverty by Municipalities in the Context of Population Ageing—The Case of Małopolskie Voivodeship," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-21, February.
    11. Frola, Alessia & Delprato, Marcos & Chudgar, Amita, 2024. "Lack of educational access, women's empowerment and spatial education inequality for the Eastern and Western Africa regions," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    12. Samy Katumba & Koech Cheruiyot & Darlington Mushongera, 2019. "Spatial Change in the Concentration of Multidimensional Poverty in Gauteng, South Africa: Evidence from Quality of Life Survey Data," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 145(1), pages 95-115, August.
    13. Mahlako Nthabeleng Mokgomo & Clarietta Chagwiza & Phathutshedzo Fancy Tshilowa, 2022. "The Impact of Government Agricultural Development Support on Agricultural Income, Production and Food Security of Beneficiary Small-Scale Farmers in South Africa," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-21, October.
    14. Olalekan Ayub, Akeem & Shamsiyyah Iliya, Rahamatu & Mariam Ayo, Oyewole, 2022. "Determinants of Health Challenges and Healthcare Services Among Older People," Lead City Journal of the Social Sciences (LCJSS), Lead City University, vol. 7(1), pages 49-66, December.
    15. Robert Ike, Eke & Wilson Oziengbe, Anelu, 2022. "Effect of Tax Morale on Personal Income Tax Compliance in Edo State," Lead City Journal of the Social Sciences (LCJSS), Lead City University, vol. 7(1), pages 67-81, December.
    16. Leopoldo TORNAROLLI & Matías CIASCHI & Luciana GALEANO, 2018. "Income Distribution in Latin America. The Evolution in the Last 20 Years: A Global Approach," Working Paper 0b1f0e35-82be-4853-8fac-2, Agence française de développement.
    17. Delprato, Marcos & Chudgar, Amita & Frola, Alessia, 2024. "Spatial education inequality for attainment indicators in sub-saharan Africa and spillovers effects," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    18. Taiwo-Taiwo, Olakunbi & Campbell, Omolara & Adesina, Oluwatosin, 2022. "Contributory Effect of Value Added Tax to Tax Revenue in Nigeria," Lead City Journal of the Social Sciences (LCJSS), Lead City University, vol. 7(1), pages 102-111, December.
    19. Alexia Lochmann, 2022. "Diagnosing Drivers of Spatial Exclusion: Places, People, and Policies in South Africa’s Former Homelands," CID Working Papers 140a, Center for International Development at Harvard University.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Afrique du Sud;

    JEL classification:

    • Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics

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