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Stratifying on Treatment Status

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  • Jinyong Hahn
  • John Ham
  • Geert Ridder
  • Shuyang Sheng

Abstract

We investigate the estimation of treatment effects from a sample that is stratified on the binary treatment status. In the case of unconfounded assignment where the potential outcomes are independent of the treatment given covariates, we show that standard estimators of the average treatment effect are inconsistent. In the case of an endogenous treatment and a binary instrument, we show that the IV estimator is inconsistent for the local average treatment effect. In both cases, we propose simple alternative estimators that are consistent in stratified samples, assuming that the fraction treated in the population is known or can be estimated.

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  • Jinyong Hahn & John Ham & Geert Ridder & Shuyang Sheng, 2024. "Stratifying on Treatment Status," Papers 2404.04700, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2404.04700
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. James J. Heckman & Petra E. Todd, 2009. "A note on adapting propensity score matching and selection models to choice based samples," Econometrics Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 12(s1), pages 230-234, January.
    2. Jinyong Hahn & Geert Ridder, 2013. "Asymptotic Variance of Semiparametric Estimators With Generated Regressors," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 81(1), pages 315-340, January.
    3. Jinyong Hahn, 1998. "On the Role of the Propensity Score in Efficient Semiparametric Estimation of Average Treatment Effects," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 66(2), pages 315-332, March.
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