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Spatial Measures of Socioeconomic Deprivation: An Application to Four Midwestern Industrial Cities

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  • Scott W. Hegerty

Abstract

Decades of economic decline have led to areas of increased deprivation in a number of U.S. inner cities, which can be linked to adverse health and other outcomes. Yet the calculation of a single "deprivation" index, which has received wide application in Britain and elsewhere in the world, involves a choice of variables and methods that have not been directly compared in the American context. This study creates four related measures--using two sets of variables and two weighting schemes--to create such indices for block groups in Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit, and Milwaukee. After examining the indices' similarities, we then map concentrations of high deprivation in each city and analyze their relationships to income, racial makeup, and transportation usage. Overall, we find certain measures to have higher correlations than others, but that all show deprivation to be linked with lower incomes and a higher nonwhite population.

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  • Scott W. Hegerty, 2021. "Spatial Measures of Socioeconomic Deprivation: An Application to Four Midwestern Industrial Cities," Papers 2105.07821, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2105.07821
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    1. Michael Noble & Gemma Wright, 2013. "Using Indicators of Multiple Deprivation to Demonstrate the Spatial Legacy of Apartheid in South Africa," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 112(1), pages 187-201, May.
    2. Michael Pacione, 2004. "The Geography Of Disadvantage In Rural Scotland," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 95(4), pages 375-391.
    3. Andrea Vasquez & Baltica Cabieses & Helena Tunstall, 2016. "Where Are Socioeconomically Deprived Immigrants Located in Chile? A Spatial Analysis of Census Data Using an Index of Multiple Deprivation from the Last Three Decades (1992-2012)," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(1), pages 1-19, January.
    4. Scott William Hegerty, 2013. "Principal component measures of exchange market pressure: comparisons with variance-weighted measures," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(18), pages 1483-1495, September.
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