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Explaining black box decisions by Shapley cohort refinement

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  • Masayoshi Mase
  • Art B. Owen
  • Benjamin Seiler

Abstract

We introduce a variable importance measure to quantify the impact of individual input variables to a black box function. Our measure is based on the Shapley value from cooperative game theory. Many measures of variable importance operate by changing some predictor values with others held fixed, potentially creating unlikely or even logically impossible combinations. Our cohort Shapley measure uses only observed data points. Instead of changing the value of a predictor we include or exclude subjects similar to the target subject on that predictor to form a similarity cohort. Then we apply Shapley value to the cohort averages. We connect variable importance measures from explainable AI to function decompositions from global sensitivity analysis. We introduce a squared cohort Shapley value that splits previously studied Shapley effects over subjects, consistent with a Shapley axiom.

Suggested Citation

  • Masayoshi Mase & Art B. Owen & Benjamin Seiler, 2019. "Explaining black box decisions by Shapley cohort refinement," Papers 1911.00467, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2020.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:1911.00467
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Harrison, David Jr. & Rubinfeld, Daniel L., 1978. "Hedonic housing prices and the demand for clean air," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 5(1), pages 81-102, March.
    2. Jiang, Tao & Owen, Art B., 2003. "Quasi-regression with shrinkage," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 62(3), pages 231-241.
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    1. Borgonovo, Emanuele & Plischke, Elmar & Rabitti, Giovanni, 2024. "The many Shapley values for explainable artificial intelligence: A sensitivity analysis perspective," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 318(3), pages 911-926.

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