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Closed-form Solutions of Relativistic Black-Scholes Equations

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  • Yanlin Qu
  • Randall R. Rojas

Abstract

Drawing insights from the triumph of relativistic over classical mechanics when velocities approach the speed of light, we explore a similar improvement to the seminal Black-Scholes (Black and Scholes (1973)) option pricing formula by considering a relativist version of it, and then finding a respective solution. We show that our solution offers a significant improvement over competing solutions (e.g., Romero and Zubieta-Martinez (2016)), and obtain a new closed-form option pricing formula, containing the speed limit of information transfer c as a new parameter. The new formula is rigorously shown to converge to the Black-Scholes formula as c goes to infinity. When c is finite, the new formula can flatten the standard volatility smile which is more consistent with empirical observations. In addition, an alternative family of distributions for stock prices arises from our new formula, which offer a better fit, are shown to converge to lognormal, and help to better explain the volatility skew.

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  • Yanlin Qu & Randall R. Rojas, 2017. "Closed-form Solutions of Relativistic Black-Scholes Equations," Papers 1711.04219, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:1711.04219
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Breeden, Douglas T & Litzenberger, Robert H, 1978. "Prices of State-contingent Claims Implicit in Option Prices," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 51(4), pages 621-651, October.
    2. Matthias Fengler, 2009. "Arbitrage-free smoothing of the implied volatility surface," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(4), pages 417-428.
    3. Black, Fischer & Scholes, Myron S, 1973. "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 637-654, May-June.
    4. Juan M. Romero & Ilse B. Zubieta-Mart'inez, 2016. "Relativistic Quantum Finance," Papers 1604.01447, arXiv.org.
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