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El trabajo a distancia y su influencia en las horas trabajadas, consumo e ingreso en el Perú

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  • Nikita Céspedes-Reynaga

Abstract

El trabajo a distancia (TD) ha representado el cambio más significativo en el mercado laboral a nivel mundial como consecuencia de la pandemia. La alta incidencia macroeconómica de esta modalidad, junto con las diferencias sustanciales en comparación con el trabajo presencial (TP), en términos de costo y tiempo de transporte, justifican un análisis detallado de los efectos de este tipo de empleo en los resultados del mercado laboral. En este documento, se presenta un modelo formal que explica los efectos de la transición del TP al TD en el consumo y las horas trabajadas. Este modelo predice que, al pasar del TP al TD, se incrementan las horas de trabajo y el consumo. Empíricamente, se demuestra que en Perú, los trabajadores que transitan del TP al TD trabajan 2,3 horas adicionales por semana, su ingreso por trabajo principal aumenta en un 8,6%, y el consumo per cápita se reduce en un 6,5%. Esta reducción en el consumo se explica por la prevalencia de las restricciones de consumo impuestas por las estrictas medidas gubernamentales de confinamiento, las cuales superan el efecto positivo del TD. En línea con esta hipótesis, en los quintiles de ingresos más altos, donde las restricciones en determinados grupos de consumo han sido menores, se ha observado un incremento o un impacto mínimo en el consumo debido al TD, lo que sugiere que el TD ha facilitado la suavización del consumo en estos grupos. Además, el TD tiene efectos heterogéneos según el género de los trabajadores.

Suggested Citation

  • Nikita Céspedes-Reynaga, 2025. "El trabajo a distancia y su influencia en las horas trabajadas, consumo e ingreso en el Perú," Working Papers 207, Peruvian Economic Association.
  • Handle: RePEc:apc:wpaper:207
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