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Typology Of Rural Areas In The Central And Eastern European Eu New Member States

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  • Baum, Sabine
  • Trapp, Christian
  • Weingarten, Peter

Abstract

Rural areas in Central and Eastern Europe are very often associated with a backwardness in terms of income and employment opportunities, a high dependency on agriculture, the out-migration of young, skilled people, a low population density and an insufficient infrastructure. In this paper 3 typologies are presented, which show that rural areas cannot be considered homogeneous and not all of them need the same developmental measures. The first typology classified all NUTS-3 regions in the ten Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC-10) by means of cluster analysis according to 7 demographic and socio-economic criteria. The result revealed 5 different types of regions as most adequate: three are largely rural, one includes both rural, and especially industrialised urban areas, and one covers only large cities. Narrowing the geographical focus to a single country in general improves data availability and allows to include more variables. In our case, Bulgaria, 16 variables on the NUTS-3 level could be condensed by factor analysis to 3 factors, which can be considered as structuring forces in rural Bulgaria: agglomeration, marginality and employment. Based on these factors, 6 groups of rural regions could be identified. The third analysis widened the geographical focus and included beside the NUTS-2 regions of the CEEC-10 also whose of the EU-15 (with-out UK). The first results of this cluster analysis with 12 variables revealed large developmental differences between these 2 country groups. The 3 typologies presented for different geographical areas provide no code of practice for regional policy measures, but important first clues for the elaboration of adapted rural development measures in CEE. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG TYPISIERUNG LÄNDLICHER RÄUME IN DEN NEUEN EU-MITGLIEDSTAATEN MITTEL- UND OSTEUROPAS Ländliche Räume in Mittel- und Osteuropa (MOE) werden häufig assoziiert mit ökonomi-scher Rückständigkeit, schlechten Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten, einer hohen Abhängigkeit von der Landwirtschaft, der Abwanderung junger, ausgebildeter Arbeitskräfte, einer geringen Bevölkerungsdichte und einer unzureichenden Infrastruktur. In diesem Beitrag werden drei Typisierungen vorgestellt, die zeigen, dass ländliche Räume nicht als homogen betrachtet werden können und deshalb auch nicht alle dieselben Entwicklungsmaßnahmen benötigen. Die erste Typisierung mithilfe einer Clusteranalyse klassifizierte die NUTS-3-Regionen der 10 mittel- und osteuropäischen Länder (MOEL-10) auf der Basis von sieben demographi-schen und sozio-ökonomischen Variablen. Sie führte zu fünf Raumtypen: drei davon sind weithin ländlich geprägt, einer umfasst sowohl ländliche und als auch städtisch-industrielle Gebiete und der letzte Raumtyp repräsentiert die großen Städte. In einer zweiten Analyse wurde mit Bulgarien ein einzelnes Land auf NUTS-3-Ebene betrachtet, was in der Regel die Datenverfügbarkeit verbessert und es erlaubt, mehr Variablen in die Analyse mit einzubezie-hen. Die berücksichtigten 16 Variablen konnten mithilfe der Faktoranalyse auf drei Faktoren zurückgeführt werden, welche die räumliche Struktur des ländlichen Bulgariens erklären: Ag-glomeration, Marginalisierung und Beschäftigung. Anhand dieser Faktoren konnten sechs Typen von ländlichen Räumen identifiziert werden. Die dritte Analyse erweitert den geogra-phischen Blickwinkel und umfasst neben den NUTS-2-Regionen der MOEL-10 auch jene der EU-15 (ohne das VK). Hierbei werden große Entwicklungsunterschiede zwischen beiden Ländergruppen deutlich. Die drei Typisierungen bieten in der vorliegenden Form keinen Leit-faden für regionalpolitische Maßnahmen, jedoch wichtige erste Hinweise für die Erarbeitung angepasster ländlicher Entwicklungsprogramme in Mittel- und Osteuropa. Schlüsselwörter: Ländlicher Raum, Typisierung, Mittel- und Osteuropa, Clusteranalyse

Suggested Citation

  • Baum, Sabine & Trapp, Christian & Weingarten, Peter, 2004. "Typology Of Rural Areas In The Central And Eastern European Eu New Member States," IAMO Discussion Papers 14906, Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:iamodp:14906
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.14906
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    1. Baum, Sabine & Weingarten, Peter, 2005. "Interregionale Disparitäten und Entwicklung ländlicher Räume als regionalpolitische Herausforderung für die neuen EU-Mitgliedstaaten," German Journal of Agricultural Economics, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Department for Agricultural Economics, vol. 54(04), pages 1-15.
    2. Frohberg, Klaus & Hartmann, Monika, 1997. "Promoting CEA agricultural exports through association agreements with the EU: why it is not working," IAMO Discussion Papers 1, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    3. Frohberg, Klaus & Hartmann, Monika, 1997. "Comparing measures of competitiveness," IAMO Discussion Papers 2, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
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    1. Birol, Ekin & Kontoleon, Andreas & Smale, Melinda, 2005. "Using A Choice Experiment To Estimate The Demand Of Hungarian Farmers For Food Security And Agrobiodiversity During Economic Transition," Environmental Economy and Policy Research Discussion Papers 31937, University of Cambridge, Department of Land Economy.
    2. STANEF Mihaela Roberta, 2013. "Reducing Urban - Rural Economic Gaps. Case Study Romania;," Revista Economica, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 65(1), pages 92-108.
    3. Wegener, Stefan & Kiryluk, E., 2008. "Regional aspects of decision-making support for rural development in Poland," 2008 International Congress, August 26-29, 2008, Ghent, Belgium 43845, European Association of Agricultural Economists.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Community/Rural/Urban Development;

    JEL classification:

    • C19 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Other
    • P25 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist and Transition Economies - - - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics
    • R12 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade (economic geography)

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