Structures of Healthcare Waqf in Indonesia to Support SDGs

The emergence of hospital was started as mobile hospital in a tent during the Khandak war or the Battle of the Ditch in 627 AD in time of the prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to treat the war victim consisted of medications, food and water, doctors, and pharmacists to aid the patients (Bimaristan, n.d.), which was the first version of Islamic hospital or Bimaristan. Later on, this mobile hospital had transformed into fixed hospital or Bimaristan built in urban areas, started with the first formal Bimaristan built in 706 AD in Damascus by Al-Walid the Ummayah Caliph, which was intended for social purposes, not for profit. In fact, every patient is given benefits during hospitalization, to support his family at home. Basically, the motivation and purpose of establishing a hospital in Islam are social goals, not economic goals. In line with the motivation and purpose of establishing a hospital in Islam, it is more social than economic, but in the current development, hospital could also be built as commercial medical services, so it is appropriate if waqf funds are used to build various healthcare facilities (Mohsin in International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 6(4):304–321, 2013), such as clinics and hospitals. In managing waqf for health care, at least 3 (three) alternative models could be applied, namely social waqf, productive waqf, and integration between social and productive waqf (Ascarya et al. in Waqf-Led Islamic Social Finance: Innovative Solutions to Modern Applications. Routledge, Abingdon-on-Thames, UK, 2020).