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Impact of Biotechnology on Crop Genetic Diversity

In: Agricultural Biodiversity and Biotechnology in Economic Development

Author

Listed:
  • Matin Qaim

    (University of Hohenheim)

  • Cherisa Yarkin

    (University of California Industry-University Cooperative Research Program, University of California)

  • David Zilberman

    (University of California)

Abstract

While there are widespread concerns that agricultural biotechnology might contribute to a further erosion of crop genetic diversity, in this chapter it is argued that the opposite could actually be true. Biotechnology allows for separation between the act of developing novel crop traits and the process of breeding plant varieties. As a result, a given biotechnology innovation may be incorporated into a large number of locally adapted plant varieties. This is confirmed by first empirical evidence from different countries. However, a theoretical model is developed which shows that the outcome is situation specific and depends on various institutional factors. Local research capacities, intellectual property policies, and biosafety regulation schemes are identified as important determinants for the actual impact of biotechnology on crop genetic diversity. Policy implications are discussed with a particular emphasis on developing countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Matin Qaim & Cherisa Yarkin & David Zilberman, 2005. "Impact of Biotechnology on Crop Genetic Diversity," Natural Resource Management and Policy, in: Joseph Cooper & Leslie Marie Lipper & David Zilberman (ed.), Agricultural Biodiversity and Biotechnology in Economic Development, chapter 0, pages 283-307, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nrmchp:978-0-387-25409-8_14
    DOI: 10.1007/0-387-25409-9_14
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Deepthi Kolady & William Lesser, 2012. "Genetically-engineered crops and their effects on varietal diversity: a case of Bt eggplant in India," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 29(1), pages 3-15, March.
    2. Vijesh Krishna & Matin Qaim & David Zilberman, 2016. "Transgenic crops, production risk and agrobiodiversity," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 43(1), pages 137-164.
    3. Clem Tisdell, 2013. "Economics, ecology and GMOs: sustainability, precaution and related issues," Chapters, in: M. A. Quaddus & M. A.B. Siddique (ed.), Handbook of Sustainable Development Planning, chapter 5, pages 91-118, Edward Elgar Publishing.

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