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Internal Migration and Inclusive Development: Insights from the Field

In: Development Challenges of India After Twenty Five Years of Economic Reforms

Author

Listed:
  • Jhilam Ray

    (University of Burdwan)

  • Farhat Naaz

    (University of Burdwan)

  • Poulomi Khasnobis

    (University of Burdwan)

  • Rajarshi Majumder

    (University of Burdwan)

Abstract

Migration is a universal phenomenon. From time immemorial, women and men have travelled in search of better living. There are two separate streams of migration. The first one is at the upper end of human capital hierarchy, to fill in existing surplus demand in the labour market of destination regions. Consequently, this process is highly selective in nature—in terms of skills and training, age and gender. The second stream emerges due to ‘Push factors’ or distress conditions in the source regions (relative to the destination)—economic hardships in the form of low wages, high unemployment, heavy population pressure, etc. in the native places and the lure of better earning opportunities in the economically vibrant destination region. This process is a coping mechanism of poor families and helps them come out of poverty. Thus, migration can be both discriminatory and egalitarian. Another issue is the emerging pattern of identity and conflict between natives and migrants in several parts of the country. Social inclusion of migrants is sometimes at jeopardy and goes against the ethos and economics of one nation–one labour market principle. Using field data from three districts of Bengal in India, this paper seeks to understand issues like who migrates—what are the social, economic and institutional factors that determine migration decisions; what are the socio-economic disparities between migrants/natives and various socio-religious groups regarding education, employment and earnings; whether migration is a successful route out of poverty; perception of natives in receiving regions about migrant workers and how migrants assimilate. It also explores the humanitarian issues related to migration through case studies to help us understand vulnerability of migrants.

Suggested Citation

  • Jhilam Ray & Farhat Naaz & Poulomi Khasnobis & Rajarshi Majumder, 2020. "Internal Migration and Inclusive Development: Insights from the Field," India Studies in Business and Economics, in: Nripendra Kishore Mishra (ed.), Development Challenges of India After Twenty Five Years of Economic Reforms, pages 443-469, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:isbchp:978-981-15-8265-3_22
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-8265-3_22
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Francisca M. Antman, 2012. "Elderly Care and Intrafamily Resource Allocation when Children Migrate," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 47(2), pages 331-363.
    2. Dean Yang, 2008. "International Migration, Remittances and Household Investment: Evidence from Philippine Migrants’ Exchange Rate Shocks," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 118(528), pages 591-630, April.
    3. Stark, Oded & Bloom, David E, 1985. "The New Economics of Labor Migration," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 75(2), pages 173-178, May.
    4. Majumder, Rajarshi, 2011. "Paternal migration, child labour and education: a study in brickfield areas of West Bengal," MPRA Paper 40940, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Mathur, Ashok, 1983. "Regional Development and Income Disparities in India: A Sectoral Analysis," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 31(3), pages 475-505, April.
    6. Rajarshi Majumder & Farhat Naaz, 2016. "Workers on the move: Migrated labour in India in early 21st century," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Springer;The Indian Society of Labour Economics (ISLE), vol. 59(3), pages 419-440, September.
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • I3 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
    • J68 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Public Policy
    • O1 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
    • R2 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population

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