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Measuring Financial Inclusion for Asian Economies

In: Financial Inclusion in Asia

Author

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  • Mandira Sarma

    (Jawaharlal Nehru University)

Abstract

Asian economies are at different levels of economic and financial sector development. While Japan, Singapore, and the Republic of Korea belong to the high-income Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) group of countries, on the other end of the wide spectrum are low-income countries that include Cambodia, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Within the middle-income countries of Asia, there are countries such as Malaysia and the Maldives that are far better off than Pakistan and India. The various stages of economic development are also reflected in the diverse stages of financial sector development in these economies. While the literature on economic development has adequately discussed the link between financial sector development and economic development, there has not been much discussion of whether financial development implies financial inclusion. Financial inclusion can be defined as a process that ensures the ease of access, availability, and usage of the formal financial system for all members of an economy. It has been observed that even ‘well-developed’ financial systems have not succeeded in being ‘all-inclusive’, and certain segments of the population remain outside the formal financial systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Mandira Sarma, 2016. "Measuring Financial Inclusion for Asian Economies," Palgrave Studies in Impact Finance, in: Sasidaran Gopalan & Tomoo Kikuchi (ed.), Financial Inclusion in Asia, chapter 1, pages 3-34, Palgrave Macmillan.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:psifcp:978-1-137-58337-6_1
    DOI: 10.1057/978-1-137-58337-6_1
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Hu, Yue & Liu, Chang & Peng, Jiangang, 2021. "Financial inclusion and agricultural total factor productivity growth in China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 68-82.
    2. Dai-Won Kim & Jung-Suk Yu & M. Kabir Hassan, 2018. "The Influence Of Religion And Social Inequality On Financial Inclusion," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 65(01), pages 193-216, July.
    3. She, Chen & Jiang, Mingfeng & Du, Jianhua & Xu, Jiaxiang & Zhu, Xincheng, 2023. "What happened in COVID to conflict: Re-examination of financial inclusion and green development nexus in China natural resource sector," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(PA).
    4. Sergio Rodolfo Góngora Jiménez & Humberto Banda Ortíz & Martín Vivanco Vargas, 2023. "Impacto de la inclusión financiera en el crecimiento económico en México por Entidad Federativa 2013-2021," Remef - Revista Mexicana de Economía y Finanzas Nueva Época REMEF (The Mexican Journal of Economics and Finance), Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas, IMEF, vol. 18(3), pages 1-19, Julio - S.
    5. Muri Wole Adedokun & Mehmet Ağa, 2023. "Financial inclusion: A pathway to economic growth in Sub‐Saharan African economies," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(3), pages 2712-2728, July.
    6. Onkokame Mothobi & Kago Kebotsamang, 2024. "The impact of network coverage on adoption of Fintech and financial inclusion in sub-Saharan Africa," Journal of Economic Structures, Springer;Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS), vol. 13(1), pages 1-19, December.
    7. Tram, Thi Xuan Huong & Lai, Tien Dinh & Nguyen, Thi Truc Huong, 2023. "Constructing a composite financial inclusion index for developing economies," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 257-265.
    8. Wang, Yong & Duan, Yubin & Dou, Jiali, 2023. "Does resource-richness cause resources curse in financial market? A sustainable development overview for RCEP economies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    9. Anh L.N. Ngo, 2019. "Index of Financial Inclusion and the Determinants: An Investigation in Asia," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 9(12), pages 1368-1382, December.
    10. Dyah Titis Kusuma Wardani & Navi'ah Khusniati & Susilo Nur Aji Cokro Darsono, 2023. "Sociodemographic Effects on Financial Inclusion: Implications from Online Transaction in Developing-8 Countriesfrom Online Transaction in Developing-8 Countries Abstract: The world has reached the ind," Economics and Finance in Indonesia, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, vol. 69, pages 67-86, Juni.
    11. Foguesatto, Cristian Rogério & Righi, Marcelo Brutti & Müller, Fernanda Maria, 2024. "Is there a dark side to financial inclusion? Understanding the relationship between financial inclusion and market risk," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    12. Tugba GUZ & Gulden POYRAZ, 2023. "The Digital Financial Inclusion Index: A Cross-Country Comparison," Journal of Economic Policy Researches, Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 10(1), pages 157-180, January.
    13. Zhao, Yang & Goodell, John W. & Dong, Qingli & Wang, Yong & Abedin, Mohammad Zoynul, 2022. "Overcoming spatial stratification of fintech inclusion: Inferences from across Chinese provinces to guide policy makers," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    14. Thanh Tam Le & Nguyen Dieu Linh Dang & Thi Dieu Thu Nguyen & Thanh Son Vu & Manh Dung Tran, 2019. "Determinants of Financial Inclusion: Comparative Study of Asian Countries," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 9(10), pages 1107-1123, October.
    15. Kumar, Vijay & Thrikawala, Sujani & Acharya, Sanjeev, 2022. "Financial inclusion and bank profitability: Evidence from a developed market," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).

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