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Poverty and Ethnicity : A Cross-Country Study of ROMA Poverty in Central Europe

Author

Listed:
  • Ana Revenga
  • Dena Ringold
  • William Martin Tracy

Abstract

ROMA are the main poverty risk groups in many of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. However, information on their living conditions, and the characteristics of their poverty is scarce, fragmented, and often anecdotal. This paper analyzes data from a new cross-country household survey, conducted by the Center for Comparative Research, at Yale University. The survey is the first of its kind which addresses the ethnic dimension of poverty across countries, covering Roma in Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania. The paper finds that welfare among Roma households is significantly lower than that of non-Roma, in terms of both material deprivation (consumption and income), and other measures of deprivation, including housing status, education levels, and employment opportunities. Multivariate analysis confirm that, controlling for other household characteristics, there is a strong negative association between Roma ethnicity, and welfare. A large part of this association appears to be due to differences in endowments, and opportunities, but there is also an important component that is "structural". This component may reflect the influence of past, and present discrimination, exclusion, and cultural factors which may affect access to public services, e.g., through language barriers.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana Revenga & Dena Ringold & William Martin Tracy, 2002. "Poverty and Ethnicity : A Cross-Country Study of ROMA Poverty in Central Europe," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 14055.
    • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbpubs:14055
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alan S. Blinder, 1973. "Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimates," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 8(4), pages 436-455.
    2. van de Walle, Dominique & Gunewardena, Dileni, 2001. "Sources of ethnic inequality in Viet Nam," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(1), pages 177-207, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Zoltán Kántor, 2011. "Ethnic or Social Integration? The Roma in Hungary," Chapters, in: Martin Kahanec & Klaus F. Zimmermann (ed.), Ethnic Diversity in European Labor Markets, chapter 7, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    2. Marianne Fay & Rachel I. Block & Jane Ebinger, 2010. "Adapting to Climate Change in Eastern Europe and Central Asia," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 2407.
    3. O'Higgins, Niall & Brüggemann, Christian, 2013. "The Consequences of Cumulative Discrimination: How Special Schooling Influences Employment and Wages of Roma in the Czech Republic," IZA Discussion Papers 7668, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    4. Tudorel ANDREI & Andreea MIRICĂ & Daniel TEODORESCU & Elena-Doina DASCĂLU, 2016. "Main Determinants of Labor Force Participation in the case of Metropolitan Roma People," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(3), pages 144-163, September.
    5. Tudorel ANDREI & Bogdan OANCEA & Andreea MIRICA, 2017. "Action against Income Discrimination. Case Study: Roma Minority in Romania," ECONOMIC COMPUTATION AND ECONOMIC CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND RESEARCH, Faculty of Economic Cybernetics, Statistics and Informatics, vol. 51(4), pages 19-36.
    6. Rauh, Christopher, 2018. "Decomposing Gaps Between Roma And Non-Roma In Romania," Journal of Demographic Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 84(2), pages 209-229, June.
    7. Asad Alam & Mamta Murthi & Ruslan Yemtsov & Edmundo Murrugarra & Nora Dudwick & Ellen Hamilton & Erwin Tiongson, 2005. "Growth, Poverty and Inequality : Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 7287.
    8. Javier Díez-Palomar & Ainhoa Flecha Fernández de Sanmamed & Rocío García-Carrión & Silvia Molina-Roldán, 2018. "Pathways to Equitable and Sustainable Education through the Inclusion of Roma Students in Learning Mathematics," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-16, June.
    9. Susanne Milcher, 2006. "Poverty and the Determinants of Welfare for Roma and Other Vulnerable Groups in Southeastern Europe," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 48(1), pages 20-35, March.
    10. Hermine De Soto & Sabine Beddies & Ilir Gedeshi, 2005. "Roma and Egyptians in Albania: From Social Exclusion to Social Inclusion," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 7313.
    11. Marinko Škare & Romina Pržiklas Družeta, 2014. "Constructing Official Poverty Lines for Countries in Transition – Beyond the Poverty Line (2000-2010)," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 16(35), pages 368-368, February.
    12. O'Higgins, Niall, 2013. "Ethnicity and Gender in the Labour Market in Central and South East Europe," IZA Discussion Papers 7667, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

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