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The Global HIV Epidemics among People Who Inject Drugs

Author

Listed:
  • Arin Dutta
  • Andrea Wirtz
  • Anderson Stanciole
  • Robert Oelrichs
  • Iris Semini
  • Stefan Baral
  • Carel Pretorius
  • Caroline Haworth
  • Shannon Hader
  • Chris Beyrer
  • Farley Cleghorn

Abstract

This publication addresses research questions related to an increase in the levels of access and utilization for four key interventions that have the potential to significantly reduce HIV infections among People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) and their sexual and injecting partners, and hence morbidity and mortality in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). These interventions are drawn from nine consensus interventions that comprise a 'comprehensive package' for PWID. The four interventions are: Needle and Syringe Programs (NSP), Medically Assisted Therapy (MAT), HIV Counseling and Testing (HCT), and Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). The book summarizes the results from several recent reviews of studies related to the effectiveness of the four key interventions in reducing risky behaviors in the context of transmitting or acquiring HIV infection. Overall, the four key interventions have strong effects on the risk of HIV infection among PWID via different pathways, and this determination is included in the documents proposing the comprehensive package of interventions. In order to attain the greatest effect from these interventions, structural issues must be addressed, especially the removal of punitive policies targeting PWID in many countries. The scientific evidence presented here, the public health rationale, and the human rights imperatives are all in accord: we can and must do better for PWID. The available tools are evidence-based, right affirming, and cost effective. What are required now are political will and a global consensus that this critical component of global HIV can no longer be ignored and under-resourced.

Suggested Citation

  • Arin Dutta & Andrea Wirtz & Anderson Stanciole & Robert Oelrichs & Iris Semini & Stefan Baral & Carel Pretorius & Caroline Haworth & Shannon Hader & Chris Beyrer & Farley Cleghorn, 2013. "The Global HIV Epidemics among People Who Inject Drugs," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 12215.
    • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbpubs:12215
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wiessing, L. & Likatavičius, G. & Klempová, D. & Hedrich, D. & Nardone, A. & Griffiths, P., 2009. "Associations between availability and coverage of HIV-prevention measures and subsequent incidence of diagnosed HIV infection among injection drug users," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 99(6), pages 1049-1052.
    2. World Bank, 2009. "Kenya - HIV Prevention Response and Modes of Transmission Analysis," World Bank Publications - Reports 3044, The World Bank Group.
    3. Chris Beyrer & Andrea L. Wirtz & Damian Walker & Benjamin Johns & Frangiscos Sifakis & Stefan D. Baral, 2011. "The Global HIV Epidemics among Men Who Have Sex with Men," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 2308.
    4. Sabina S Alistar & Douglas K Owens & Margaret L Brandeau, 2011. "Effectiveness and Cost Effectiveness of Expanding Harm Reduction and Antiretroviral Therapy in a Mixed HIV Epidemic: A Modeling Analysis for Ukraine," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(3), pages 1-15, March.
    5. World Bank, 2009. "Lesotho - HIV Prevention Response and Modes of Transmission Analysis," World Bank Publications - Reports 3045, The World Bank Group.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Andrea Mantsios & Catherine Shembilu & Jessie Mbwambo & Samuel Likindikoki & Susan Sherman & Caitlin Kennedy & Deanna Kerrigan, 2018. "‘That’s how we help each other’: Community savings groups, economic empowerment and HIV risk among female sex workers in Iringa, Tanzania," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(7), pages 1-16, July.
    2. Keith Sabin & Jinkou Zhao & Jesus Maria Garcia Calleja & Yaou Sheng & Sonia Arias Garcia & Annette Reinisch & Ryuichi Komatsu, 2016. "Availability and Quality of Size Estimations of Female Sex Workers, Men Who Have Sex with Men, People Who Inject Drugs and Transgender Women in Low- and Middle-Income Countries," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(5), pages 1-11, May.
    3. Carly A Comins & Katherine B Rucinski & Stefan Baral & Samuele A Abebe & Andargachew Mulu & Sheree R Schwartz, 2020. "Vulnerability profiles and prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among adolescent girls and young women in Ethiopia: A latent class analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(5), pages 1-14, May.
    4. Vijayakumar, Gowri, 2018. "Collective demands and secret codes: The multiple uses of “community” in “community mobilization”," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 173-182.

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