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París contra el pueblo. La gentrificación de la capital

Author

Listed:
  • Anne Clerval

Abstract

La gentrificación se enmarca en una interacción dialéctica entre el espacio urbano y el espacio social El espacio urbano lleva en si la herencia de las relaciones sociales pasadas y manifiesta una fuerza de Inercia frente a las transformaciones sociales Se puede leer la gentrificación como el proceso por el cual el espacio urbano central se adapta al estado actual de las relaciones sociales. Esta adaptación no se da porque sí e implica numerosos actores. Es también una forma de violencia social de despojo de las clases populares. En efecto, la gentrificación transforma tanto un espacio construido -el barrio antiguo- como un espacio apropiado y significante -el barrio popular-. Aunque participa en la preservación de las construcciones antiguas, contribuye también en la destrucción del recurso social y simbólico que representa el barrio popular para sus habitantes. Estos barrios, hasta cierto punto simbólicamente desvalorizados (por la vetustez de sus construcciones y su apropiación por las clases populares), son valorizados y embellecidos en función de su capacidad de atracción potencial ligada a su posición central en la Ciudad o a su proximidad al centro. Esta centralidad no está dada de antemano, sino que es una construcción social, que la gentrificación contribuye a reforzar y a componer. La centralidad está también ligada al poder; poder de clase que explica la apropiación de los barrios centrales antiguos por hogares que disponen de más capital [económico y sobre todo cultural) que las clases populares, pero también de poder en términos de imagen y prestigio, que la ciudad embellecida y pletórica de eventos culturales confiere a los ediles y a los inversionistas locales (de envergadura Internacional en el caso de París). Lo anterior plantea la cuestión del papel de las políticas públicas [a veces con el apoyo de los capitales privados) en la gentrificación. En efecto, si la centralidad es construida, la inversión de las tendencias como la degradación de las construcciones, la pauperización o el despoblamiento de un barrio no son procesos que se dan por sí solos, sino que requieren por lo general de una Intervención voluntaria de los poderes públicos, que no se limita a la rehabilitación del hábitat.

Suggested Citation

  • Anne Clerval, 2016. "París contra el pueblo. La gentrificación de la capital," Books, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Facultad de Economía, edition 1, number 74, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:ext:public:74
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