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Cadmium in Cacao From Latin America and The Caribbean. A Review of Research and Potential Mitigation Solutions

Author

Listed:
  • Meter, A.
  • Atkinson, R.J.
  • Laliberte, B.

Abstract

Cadmium is a heavy metal of natural origin, which does not have a known function in humans. It accumulates in the body and mainly affects the kidneys, but it can also cause bone demineralization. We are increasingly exposed to cadmium in our diet. In response to this, the European Union (EU) is setting maximum permissible levels of cadmium in different foods. In 2014, the maximum levels allowed for cadmium were established for cocoa and chocolate products sold in the EU. This measure has brought concern to cocoa-producing nations in Latin America, as exports to EU countries represents a large part of the destiny of cocoa grown in America. The present paper studies the different ways of measuring the presence of cadmium in cocoa, as well as measures to mitigate and reduce the impact of this metal on agricultural production in the region.

Suggested Citation

  • Meter, A. & Atkinson, R.J. & Laliberte, B., . "Cadmium in Cacao From Latin America and The Caribbean. A Review of Research and Potential Mitigation Solutions," Books, CAF Development Bank Of Latinamerica, number 1506.
    • Handle: RePEc:dbl:dblbks:1506
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yang, Q.W. & Lan, C.Y. & Wang, H.B. & Zhuang, P. & Shu, W.S., 2006. "Cadmium in soil-rice system and health risk associated with the use of untreated mining wastewater for irrigation in Lechang, China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 84(1-2), pages 147-152, July.
    2. Tatiana de O. Pinto & Andrés C García & Jair do N Guedes & Nelson M B do A. Sobrinho & Orlando C H Tavares & Ricardo L L Berbara, 2016. "Assessment of the Use of Natural Materials for the Remediation of Cadmium Soil Contamination," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(6), pages 1-14, June.
    3. Ramtahal, Gideon & Yen, Ivan Chang & Seegobin, Deodath & Bekele, Isaac & Bekele, Frances & Wilson, Lawrence & Harrynanan, Lisa, 2012. "Investigation Of The Effects Of Mycorrhizal Fungi On Cadmium Accumulation In Cacao," 48th Annual Meeting, May 20-26th, 2012, Playa del Carmen, Mexico 253720, Caribbean Food Crops Society.
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    Cited by:

    1. Beatriz E. Guerra Sierra & Jaider Muñoz Guerrero & Serge Sokolski, 2021. "Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in Tropical Soils an Overview," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-24, February.

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