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Die Erweiterung der Europäischen Union: Das Regionalgefälle wird größer

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  • Busch, Berthold

Abstract

Die Europäische Union steht vor ihrer größten und politisch schwierigsten Erweiterung. Gegen Ende dieses Jahrzehnts wird es vermutlich 27 Partnerländer geben, in denen 480 Millionen Menschen leben. Bereits in der jetzigen Union gibt es ein großes wirtschaftliches Regionalgefälle. Gemessen am Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) je Einwohner liegen derzeit die „reichsten“ Länder um rund 20 Prozent über dem EU-15-Durchschnittswert, die „ärmsten“ um 30 Prozent darunter. Dieses Wirtschaftskraftgefälle vergrößert sich mit der Erweiterung erheblich. Rumänien als „ärmster“ Beitrittskandidat unterschreitet den Gemeinschaftsdurchschnitt um 77 Prozent. Noch größer fällt das Gefälle bei einer regionalen Tiefergliederung aus. In der jetzigen Union beträgt das Verhältnis zwischen den zehn wirtschaftsstärksten und den zehn wirtschaftlich schwächsten Regionen 3,3 zu 1. Nach der Erweiterung steigt diese Relation auf 7,4 zu 1. Der so entstehende Anpassungsdruck schafft der EU-Kohäsionspolitik immense Probleme. Nach den geltenden Kriterien werden Gebiete mit einem ökonomischen Entwicklungsrückstand (Ziel-1-Regionen) gefördert. Er ist laut EU-Definition dort gegeben, wo das Pro-Kopf-BIP weniger als 75 Prozent des Gemeinschaftsdurchschnitts erreicht. Gegenwärtig trifft dies für 46 Regionen mit knapp 68 Millionen Einwohnern zu. Bei der auf 27 Mitgliedern erweiterten Union wird es 70 Ziel-1-Regionen mit 123 Millionen Einwohnern geben. Davon liegen jedoch nur noch 20 Regionen mit knapp 25 Millionen Einwohnern im Gebiet der alten EU-15.

Suggested Citation

  • Busch, Berthold, 2002. "Die Erweiterung der Europäischen Union: Das Regionalgefälle wird größer," IW-Trends – Vierteljahresschrift zur empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute, vol. 29(2), pages 27-36.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:iwktre:156820
    DOI: 10.2373/1864-810X.02-02-03
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    1. Martin Hallet, 1997. "National and Regional Development in Central and Eastern Europe: Implications for EU Structural Assistance," European Economy - Economic Papers 2008 - 2015 120, Directorate General Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN), European Commission.
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    1. Röhl, Klaus-Heiner, 2002. "Regionalförderung in Deutschland: Was hat der Ostdeutsche Mittelstand davon?," IW-Trends – Vierteljahresschrift zur empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute, vol. 29(3), pages 34-40.
    2. Röhl, Klaus-Heiner, 2003. "Der Aufbau Ostdeutschlands: Struktureller Fortschritt bei wirtschaftlicher Stagnation," IW-Trends – Vierteljahresschrift zur empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute, vol. 30(4), pages 47-55.

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