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Zehn Jahre Aufbau Ost: Erfolge, Defizite und Reformbedarf

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  • Kroker, Rolf

Abstract

Der Konvergenzprozess zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland hat sich seit 1995 verlangsamt. Bei der Wirtschaftskraft besteht immer noch eine Anpassungslücke von etwa 40 Prozent. Allerdings hat sich mittlerweile in Ostdeutschland ein erhebliches Regionalgefälle geöffnet. Dies belegt der vom Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln neu entwickelte IW-Regionalindikator. Bei einigen bedeutsamen Standortindikatoren haben die fortgeschrittensten Regionen Ostdeutschlands inzwischen Anschluss an die Schlusslichter Westdeutschlands gefunden. Dieser Befund nach zehn Jahren „Aufbau Ost“ zeigt einerseits, dass die neuen Länder weiter zu fördern sind. Andererseits verweist er aber auch darauf, dass das Förderkonzept zu reformieren ist. In dem Maß, wie der Anpassungsprozess fortgeschritten ist und damit das Motiv des Nachteilausgleichs an Bedeutung verliert, können die hierfür angesetzten Fördermittel reduziert werden. Außerdem wirken die Aufbauhilfen, je länger sie gewährt werden, allokativ verzerrend. Dies muss bei den spätestens 2004 anstehenden Reformen berücksichtigt werden. Schwerpunkte der Reform sind bei dem Finanzausgleich, der Regionalförderung und der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik zu setzen. Dabei muss dem Wettbewerb der Regionen mehr Entfaltungsmöglichkeiten gegeben werden. Gerade den neuen Ländern muss es möglich sein, neue Wege zu gehen und Experimente zu wagen. Dies würde die Effizienz der Transferleistungen erhöhen und den Anpassungsprozess beschleunigen.

Suggested Citation

  • Kroker, Rolf, 2000. "Zehn Jahre Aufbau Ost: Erfolge, Defizite und Reformbedarf," IW-Trends – Vierteljahresschrift zur empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute, vol. 27(3), pages 42-76.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:iwktre:156783
    DOI: 10.2373/1864-810X.00-03-03
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Klodt Henning, 2000. "Industrial Policy and the East German Productivity Puzzle," German Economic Review, De Gruyter, vol. 1(3), pages 315-333, August.
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    8. Hans-Joachim Schalk & Gerhard Untiedt, 1999. "Regionale Wirtschaftförderung : erfolgreich, gewirkt oder lediglich mitgenommen?," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 52(10-11), pages 20-25, October.
    9. Ragnitz, Joachim, 2000. "Kapitalausstattung ostdeutscher Arbeitsplätze: Rückstand nicht überbewerten," Wirtschaft im Wandel, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH), vol. 6(9), pages 254-258.
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    1. Fuest, Clemens & Huber, Bernd, 2006. "Can regional policy in a federation improve economic efficiency?," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(3), pages 499-511, February.
    2. Röhl, Klaus-Heiner, 2003. "Der Aufbau Ostdeutschlands: Struktureller Fortschritt bei wirtschaftlicher Stagnation," IW-Trends – Vierteljahresschrift zur empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute, vol. 30(4), pages 47-55.

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