IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/zbw/espost/234961.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Income Inequalities and their Social Determinants: an Analysis over Developed vs. Developing EU Member States

Author

Listed:
  • Jianu, Ionut
  • Gavril, Ioana Andrada
  • Iacob, Silvia Elena
  • Hrebenciuc, Andrei

Abstract

This paper assesses the impact of certain social factors on income inequalities in the EU. We applied Panel Estimated Generalized Least Squares method on two clusters, developed vs developing countries. We concluded that the relationship between historical income inequality and its current dimensions is stronger in developing than in developed countries. We also found a higher capacity of social expenditure to reduce income inequality in developed countries, and a positive relationship between unemployment and income inequality in both clusters. Moreover, we identified a positive relationship between tertiary education attainment in developed EU countries, but a negative one in developing countries. Excessive income inequalities affect social and economic dimensions, this being a real issue which can only be addressed at governmental level, by effective and inclusive public policies, which shall be aligned with cultural, social, economic and fiscal features.

Suggested Citation

  • Jianu, Ionut & Gavril, Ioana Andrada & Iacob, Silvia Elena & Hrebenciuc, Andrei, 2021. "Income Inequalities and their Social Determinants: an Analysis over Developed vs. Developing EU Member States," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 55(2), pages 125-142.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:espost:234961
    DOI: 10.24818/18423264/55.2.21.08
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/234961/1/Income-Inequalities-and-their-Social-Determinants-an-Analysis-over-Developed-vs-Developing-EU-Member-States.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.24818/18423264/55.2.21.08?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Agustin Molina-Morales & Ignacio Amate-Fortes & Almudena Guarnido-Rueda, 2013. "Social Expenditure in the European Union: Does Inequality Matter?," Journal of Economic Issues, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(3), pages 745-764.
    2. Aiyar, Shekhar & Ebeke, Christian, 2020. "Inequality of opportunity, inequality of income and economic growth," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    3. Philippe Aghion & Ufuk Akcigit & Antonin Bergeaud & Richard Blundell & David Hemous, 2019. "Innovation and Top Income Inequality," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 86(1), pages 1-45.
    4. Jianu, Ionut & Dobre, Ion & Bodislav, Dumitru Alexandru & Radulescu, Carmen Valentina & Burlacu, Sorin, 2019. "The implications of institutional specificities on the income inequalities drivers in European Union," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 53(2), pages 59-76.
    5. Cristina Matos, 2019. "Inequality and Crisis: Conspicuous Consumption as the Missing Link in the Portuguese Case," Journal of Economic Issues, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(1), pages 26-38, January.
    6. Oded Galor & Omer Moav, 2004. "From Physical to Human Capital Accumulation: Inequality and the Process of Development," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 71(4), pages 1001-1026.
    7. Florence Jaumotte & Subir Lall & Chris Papageorgiou, 2013. "Rising Income Inequality: Technology, or Trade and Financial Globalization?," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 61(2), pages 271-309, June.
    8. Partridge, Mark D. & Rickman, Dan S. & Levernier, William, 1996. "Trends in U.S. income inequality: Evidence from a panel of states," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 17-37.
    9. Cornia, Giovanni Andrea, 2014. "Income inequality in Latin America. Recent decline and prospects for its further reduction," Macroeconomía del Desarrollo 149, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    10. Judith Niehues, 2010. "Social Spending Generosity and Income Inequality: A Dynamic Panel Approach," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 336, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
    11. Niehues, Judith, 2010. "Social Spending Generosity and Income Inequality: A Dynamic Panel Approach," IZA Discussion Papers 5178, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    12. Kosta Josifidis & Novica Supić & Emilija Beker Pucar, 2017. "Institutional Quality and Income Inequality in the Advanced Countries," Panoeconomicus, Savez ekonomista Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Serbia, vol. 64(2), pages 169-188, March.
    13. Era Dabla-Norris & Kalpana Kochhar & Nujin Suphaphiphat & Franto Ricka & Evridiki Tsounta, 2015. "Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality; A Global Perspective," IMF Staff Discussion Notes 15/13, International Monetary Fund.
    14. Guillermo Cruces & Carolina García Domench & Leonardo Gasparini, 2011. "Inequality in Education: Evidence for Latin America," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2011-093, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    15. Ms. Era Dabla-Norris & Ms. Kalpana Kochhar & Mrs. Nujin Suphaphiphat & Mr. Franto Ricka & Ms. Evridiki Tsounta, 2015. "Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality: A Global Perspective," IMF Staff Discussion Notes 2015/013, International Monetary Fund.
    16. Amartya Sen, 1997. "Inequality, Unemployment and Contemporary Europe," STICERD - Development Economics Papers - From 2008 this series has been superseded by Economic Organisation and Public Policy Discussion Papers 07, Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE.
    17. Mehic, Adrian, 2018. "Industrial employment and income inequality: Evidence from panel data," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 84-93.
    18. Cornia, Giovanni Andrea, 2014. "Income inequality in Latin America. Recent decline and prospects for its further reduction," Macroeconomía del Desarrollo 36852, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Diana Maria Ilie & Georgiana-Raluca Lădaru & Maria Claudia Diaconeasa & Mirela Stoian, 2021. "Consumer Choice for Milk and Dairy in Romania: Does Income Really Have an Influence?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-17, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tingyun Chen & Jean-Jacques Hallaert & Alexander Pitt & Haonan Qu & Maximilien Queyranne & Alaina Rhee & Anna Shabunina & Jérôme Vandenbussche & Irene Yackovlev, 2018. "Inequality and Poverty across Generations in the European Union," IMF Staff Discussion Notes 18/01, International Monetary Fund.
    2. Farhad Taghizadeh‐Hesary & Naoyuki Yoshino & Sayoko Shimizu, 2020. "The impact of monetary and tax policy on income inequality in Japan," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(10), pages 2600-2621, October.
    3. Gustavo A. Marrero & Luis Servén, 2022. "Growth, inequality and poverty: a robust relationship?," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 63(2), pages 725-791, August.
    4. Quinonez, Pablo, 2022. "Social spending and income inequality in Latin America. A panel data approach," MPRA Paper 113538, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Dirk Bezemer & Anna Samarina, 2019. "Debt shift, financial development and income inequality," DNB Working Papers 646, Netherlands Central Bank, Research Department.
    6. Abebe Hailemariam & Tutsirai Sakutukwa & Ratbek Dzhumashev, 2021. "Long-term determinants of income inequality: evidence from panel data over 1870–2016," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 61(4), pages 1935-1958, October.
    7. de Haan, Jakob & Sturm, Jan-Egbert, 2017. "Finance and income inequality: A review and new evidence," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 171-195.
    8. Thornton, John & Tommaso, Caterina Di, 2020. "The long-run relationship between finance and income inequality: Evidence from panel data," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 32(C).
    9. Brei, Michael & Ferri, Giovanni & Gambacorta, Leonardo, 2023. "Financial structure and income inequality," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    10. Weychert Ewa, 2020. "Financial development and income inequality," Central European Economic Journal, Sciendo, vol. 7(54), pages 84-100, January.
    11. Diana Barros & Aurora A. C. Teixeira, 2021. "Unlocking the black box: A comprehensive meta-analysis of the main determinants of within-region income inequality," Review of Regional Research: Jahrbuch für Regionalwissenschaft, Springer;Gesellschaft für Regionalforschung (GfR), vol. 41(1), pages 55-93, February.
    12. Anjan K. Saha & Vinod Mishra & Russell Smyth, 2021. "Financial development and top income shares in OECD countries," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 87(3), pages 952-978, January.
    13. Wang, Wei & Yang, Haoxi & Wang, Xi, 2023. "Financial development and wage income: Evidence from the global football market," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    14. Ionut Jianu, 2020. "The impact of private sector credit on income inequalities in European Union (15 member states)," Papers 2007.11408, arXiv.org.
    15. Jianu, Ionuț, 2017. "The impact of private sector credit on income inequalities in European Union (15 member states)," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 0(2 (611)), pages 61-74.
    16. John Thornton; Chrysoivalantis Vasilakis, 2024. "The impact of finance on income inequality: a threshold analysis," Economics and Business Letters, Oviedo University Press, vol. 13(2), pages 104-111.
    17. Valentin F. Lang & Ms. Marina Mendes Tavares, 2018. "The Distribution of Gains from Globalization," IMF Working Papers 2018/054, International Monetary Fund.
    18. de Haan, Jakob & Sturm, Jan-Egbert, 2017. "Finance and income inequality: A review and new evidence," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 171-195.
    19. Ionuţ JIANU, 2017. "The impact of private sector credit on income inequalities in European Union (15 member states)," Theoretical and Applied Economics, Asociatia Generala a Economistilor din Romania / Editura Economica, vol. 0(2(611), S), pages 61-74, Summer.
    20. Thanos Fragkandreas, 2022. "Three Decades of Research on Innovation and Inequality: Causal Scenarios, Explanatory Factors, and Suggestions," Working Papers 60, Birkbeck Centre for Innovation Management Research, revised Feb 2022.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    income; inequality; social determinants; development; panel;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:zbw:espost:234961. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/zbwkide.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.