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Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse in der Kriminalprävention

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  • Entorf, Horst
  • Schulan, Alexander

Abstract

Die volkswirtschaftlichen Kosten der Kriminalität betragen zwischen drei und sieben Prozent des Bruttoinlandsprodukts. Geeignete Maßnahmen der Kriminalprävention können die Anzahl der Kriminalfälle und somit auch die materiellen und immateriellen Kosten der Kriminalität reduzieren. Eine Möglichkeit der Evaluierung des Erfolgs von Kriminalprävention bestünde darin, anhand der Polizeilichen Kriminalstatistik den Rückgang der Fallzahlen festzustellen. Dieser Aufsatz argumentiert jedoch, dass es sinnvoller ist, über das bloße Zählen hinauszugehen und den Erfolg von Kriminalprävention auch anhand eines Kriminalitätsbelastungsindex zu beurteilen, der die Schwere – und somit die daraus entstehenden Kosten – der jeweiligen Delikte berücksichtigt. Das erleichtert eine unmittelbare Gegenüberstellung der Präventionskosten mit dem erzielbaren Nutzen, nämlich der messbaren Verringerung der Kriminalitätsbelastung. Das wiederum unterstützt die Durchsetzung des grundgesetzlich verankerten Wirtschaftlichkeitsprinzips. Eine umfassende Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse würde eine monetäre Bewertung der Belastung durch Kriminalität erfordern. Bei sinnvoller Festlegung einer alternativen Erfolgseinheit, z. B. eines Quality-Adjusted-Life-Years (QALYs), können Maßnahmen der Prävention auch nicht-monetär verglichen und evaluiert werden. Dieser Aufsatz stellt Möglichkeiten und Grenzen monetärer und nicht-monetärer Ansätze dar.

Suggested Citation

  • Entorf, Horst & Schulan, Alexander, 2018. "Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse in der Kriminalprävention," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, pages 369-383.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:espost:180989
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Entorf, Horst, 2014. "Jenseits der Fallzahlen: Die Kriminalitätsentwicklung bei ökonomischer Bewertung der Schäden," IZA Standpunkte 73, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Entorf, Horst & Spengler, Hannes, 2002. "Crime in Europe : causes and consequences," Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 24090, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, Institute for Business Studies (BWL).
    3. Wickramasekera, Nyantara & Wright, Judy & Elsey, Helen & Murray, Jenni & Tubeuf, Sandy, 2015. "Cost of crime: A systematic review," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 43(3), pages 218-228.
    4. Mathias Bug & Martin Kroh & Kristina Meier, 2015. "Regionale Kriminalitätsbelastung und Kriminalitätsfurcht: Befunde der WISIND-Studie," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 82(12), pages 259-269.
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