IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wsi/rpbfmp/v21y2018i02ns0219091518500108.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Volatility Forecast by Volatility Index and Its Use as a Risk Management Tool Under a Value-at-Risk Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Yam Wing Siu

    (Department of Economics and Finance, Hang Seng Management College, Siu Lek Yuen, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong)

Abstract

This paper examines the predicting power of the volatility indexes of VIX and VHSI on the future volatilities (or called realized volatility, σ30,r) of their respective underlying indexes of S&P500 Index, SPX and Hang Seng Index, HSI. It is found that volatilities indexes of VIX and VHSI, on average, are numerically greater than the realized volatilities of SPX and HSI, respectively. Further analysis indicates that realized volatility, if used for pricing options, would, on some occasions, result in greatest losses of 2.21% and 1.91% of the spot price of SPX and HSI, respectively while the greatest profits are 2.56% and 2.93% of the spot price of SPX and HSI, respectively, making it not an ideal benchmark for validating volatility forecasting techniques in relation to option pricing. Hence, a new benchmark (fair volatility, σf) that considers the premium of option and the cost of dynamic hedging the position is proposed accordingly. It reveals that, on average, options priced by volatility indexes contain a risk premium demanded by the option sellers. However, the options could, on some occasions, result in greatest losses of 4.85% and 3.60% of the spot price of SPX and HSI, respectively while the greatest profits are 4.60% and 5.49% of the spot price of SPX and HSI, respectively. Nevertheless, it can still be a valuable tool for risk management. z-values of various significance levels for value-at-risk and conditional value-at-value have been statistically determined for US, Hong Kong, Australia, India, Japan and Korea markets.

Suggested Citation

  • Yam Wing Siu, 2018. "Volatility Forecast by Volatility Index and Its Use as a Risk Management Tool Under a Value-at-Risk Approach," Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies (RPBFMP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 21(02), pages 1-48, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:wsi:rpbfmp:v:21:y:2018:i:02:n:s0219091518500108
    DOI: 10.1142/S0219091518500108
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0219091518500108
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1142/S0219091518500108?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yamai, Yasuhiro & Yoshiba, Toshinao, 2005. "Value-at-risk versus expected shortfall: A practical perspective," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(4), pages 997-1015, April.
    2. Yanan Li & David E. Giles, 2015. "Modelling Volatility Spillover Effects Between Developed Stock Markets and Asian Emerging Stock Markets," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 20(2), pages 155-177, March.
    3. Steven Li & Qianqian Yang, 2009. "The relationship between implied and realized volatility: evidence from the Australian stock index option market," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 32(4), pages 405-419, May.
    4. Glosten, Lawrence R & Jagannathan, Ravi & Runkle, David E, 1993. "On the Relation between the Expected Value and the Volatility of the Nominal Excess Return on Stocks," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 48(5), pages 1779-1801, December.
    5. Yu, Wayne W. & Lui, Evans C.K. & Wang, Jacqueline W., 2010. "The predictive power of the implied volatility of options traded OTC and on exchanges," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 1-11, January.
    6. LAURENT, Sébastien & VIOLANTE, Francesco, 2012. "Volatility forecasts evaluation and comparison," LIDAM Reprints CORE 2414, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
    7. Bentes, Sonia R & Menezes, Rui, 2012. "On the predictive power of implied volatility indexes: A comparative analysis with GARCH forecasted volatility," MPRA Paper 42193, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Jianhua Gang & Nan Ye & Chengsi Zhang, 2012. "Financial Crisis, Risk Perception And The Implied Volatility Transmission: A Cross-Region Study," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 80, pages 92-120, September.
    9. Lopez, Jose A, 2001. "Evaluating the Predictive Accuracy of Volatility Models," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 20(2), pages 87-109, March.
    10. Imlak Shaikh & Puja Padhi, 2015. "The implied volatility index: Is ‘investor fear gauge’ or ‘forward-looking’?," Borsa Istanbul Review, Research and Business Development Department, Borsa Istanbul, vol. 15(1), pages 44-52, March.
    11. Yamai, Yasuhiro & Yoshiba, Toshinao, 2002. "On the Validity of Value-at-Risk: Comparative Analyses with Expected Shortfall," Monetary and Economic Studies, Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, Bank of Japan, vol. 20(1), pages 57-85, January.
    12. Nelson, Daniel B, 1991. "Conditional Heteroskedasticity in Asset Returns: A New Approach," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 59(2), pages 347-370, March.
    13. De Gooijer, Jan G. & Hyndman, Rob J., 2006. "25 years of time series forecasting," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 22(3), pages 443-473.
    14. Yanhui Chen & Kin Lai, 2013. "Examination on the Relationship Between VHSI, HSI and Future Realized Volatility With Kalman Filter," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 3(2), pages 200-216, December.
    15. Lloyd P. Blenman & Guan Jun Wang, 2012. "New Insights on the Implied and Realized Volatility Relation," Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies (RPBFMP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 15(01), pages 1-22.
    16. Ser-Huang Poon & Clive W.J. Granger, 2003. "Forecasting Volatility in Financial Markets: A Review," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 41(2), pages 478-539, June.
    17. Daníelsson, Jón & Jorgensen, Bjørn N. & Samorodnitsky, Gennady & Sarma, Mandira & de Vries, Casper G., 2013. "Fat tails, VaR and subadditivity," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 172(2), pages 283-291.
    18. Philippe Artzner & Freddy Delbaen & Jean‐Marc Eber & David Heath, 1999. "Coherent Measures of Risk," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 9(3), pages 203-228, July.
    19. Black, Fischer & Scholes, Myron S, 1973. "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 637-654, May-June.
    20. Yow-Jen Jou & Chih-Wei Wang & Wan-Chien Chiu, 2013. "Is the realized volatility good for option pricing during the recent financial crisis?," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 40(1), pages 171-188, January.
    21. Yanhui Chen & Kin Keung Lai, 2013. "Examination on the Relationship Between VHSI, HSI and Future Realized Volatility With Kalman Filter," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 3(2), pages 200-216, December.
    22. Christensen, B. J. & Prabhala, N. R., 1998. "The relation between implied and realized volatility," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 125-150, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Robina Iqbal & Ghulam Sorwar & Rose Baker & Taufiq Choudhry, 2020. "Multiday expected shortfall under generalized t distributions: evidence from global stock market," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 55(3), pages 803-825, October.
    2. Yam Wing Siu, 2020. "Impact of Expected Shortfall Approach on Capital Requirement Under Basel," Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies (RPBFMP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 22(04), pages 1-34, January.
    3. Slim, Skander & Dahmene, Meriam & Boughrara, Adel, 2020. "How informative are variance risk premium and implied volatility for Value-at-Risk prediction? International evidence," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 22-37.
    4. Lyócsa, Štefan & Plíhal, Tomáš & Výrost, Tomáš, 2024. "Forecasting day-ahead expected shortfall on the EUR/USD exchange rate: The (I)relevance of implied volatility," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 40(4), pages 1275-1301.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yam Wing Siu, 2020. "Impact of Expected Shortfall Approach on Capital Requirement Under Basel," Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies (RPBFMP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 22(04), pages 1-34, January.
    2. Chun, Dohyun & Cho, Hoon & Ryu, Doojin, 2019. "Forecasting the KOSPI200 spot volatility using various volatility measures," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 514(C), pages 156-166.
    3. Lyócsa, Štefan & Plíhal, Tomáš & Výrost, Tomáš, 2024. "Forecasting day-ahead expected shortfall on the EUR/USD exchange rate: The (I)relevance of implied volatility," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 40(4), pages 1275-1301.
    4. Tanuj Nandan & Puja Agrawal, 2016. "Pricing Efficiency in CNX Nifty Index Options Using the Black–Scholes Model: A Comparative Study of Alternate Volatility Measures," Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, National Council of Applied Economic Research, vol. 10(2), pages 281-304, May.
    5. Robert Ślepaczuk & Grzegorz Zakrzewski, 2009. "High-Frequency and Model-Free Volatility Estimators," Working Papers 2009-13, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw.
    6. Fassas, Athanasios P. & Siriopoulos, Costas, 2021. "Implied volatility indices – A review," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 303-329.
    7. Chen, Qian & Gerlach, Richard & Lu, Zudi, 2012. "Bayesian Value-at-Risk and expected shortfall forecasting via the asymmetric Laplace distribution," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 56(11), pages 3498-3516.
    8. Chuang, Wen-I & Huang, Teng-Ching & Lin, Bing-Huei, 2013. "Predicting volatility using the Markov-switching multifractal model: Evidence from S&P 100 index and equity options," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 168-187.
    9. Chao Wang & Richard Gerlach, 2021. "A Bayesian realized threshold measurement GARCH framework for financial tail risk forecasting," Papers 2106.00288, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2022.
    10. E. Ramos-P'erez & P. J. Alonso-Gonz'alez & J. J. N'u~nez-Vel'azquez, 2020. "Forecasting volatility with a stacked model based on a hybridized Artificial Neural Network," Papers 2006.16383, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2020.
    11. Bali, Turan G. & Weinbaum, David, 2007. "A conditional extreme value volatility estimator based on high-frequency returns," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 361-397, February.
    12. James W. Taylor, 2005. "Generating Volatility Forecasts from Value at Risk Estimates," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 51(5), pages 712-725, May.
    13. Bams, Dennis & Blanchard, Gildas & Lehnert, Thorsten, 2017. "Volatility measures and Value-at-Risk," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 848-863.
    14. Gianna Figà-Talamanca & Marco Patacca, 2024. "An explorative analysis of sentiment impact on S&P 500 components returns, volatility and downside risk," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 342(3), pages 2095-2117, November.
    15. Carl H. Korkpoe & Peterson Owusu Junior, 2018. "Behaviour of Johannesburg Stock Exchange All Share Index Returns - An Asymmetric GARCH and News Impact Effects Approach," SPOUDAI Journal of Economics and Business, SPOUDAI Journal of Economics and Business, University of Piraeus, vol. 68(1), pages 26-42, January-M.
    16. Xekalaki, Evdokia & Degiannakis, Stavros, 2005. "Evaluating volatility forecasts in option pricing in the context of a simulated options market," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 49(2), pages 611-629, April.
    17. Bollerslev, Tim & Zhou, Hao, 2006. "Volatility puzzles: a simple framework for gauging return-volatility regressions," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 131(1-2), pages 123-150.
    18. Su, Jung-Bin, 2014. "Empirical analysis of long memory, leverage, and distribution effects for stock market risk estimates," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 1-39.
    19. Xiaoxi Liu & Jinming Xie, 2023. "Forecasting swap rate volatility with information from swaptions," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(4), pages 455-479, April.
    20. Bronka Rzepkowski, 2001. "Pouvoir prédictif de la volatilité implicite dans le prix des options de change," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 148(2), pages 71-97.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wsi:rpbfmp:v:21:y:2018:i:02:n:s0219091518500108. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Tai Tone Lim (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.worldscinet.com/rpbfmp/rpbfmp.shtml .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.