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Do Investors Perceive Marking-to-Model as Marking-to-Myth? Early Evidence from FAS 157 Disclosure

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  • Kalin S. Kolev

    (Zicklin School of Business, Baruch College — CUNY, One Bernard Baruch Way, 12-282, New York, NY 10010, USA)

Abstract

Capitalizing on the disclosure mandated by FAS 157, I examine the equity market’s perception of the reliability of internally generated fair value estimates. For the sample of S&P 1,500 financial institutions for the first three quarters of 2008, I document a significantly positive association between stock price and fair values measured using unadjusted market prices (FAS 157 Level 1), other observable inputs (Level 2), and significant unobservable inputs (Level 3), with valuation coefficients generally increasing in the observability of the measurement inputs. Using the reconciliation of the change in Level 3 net assets, I then directly examine the periodic re-measurement of the fair value estimates and document a significantly positive association between Level 3 net gains and quarterly returns. This result manifests even among observations with thin capital cushion, poorer information environment, and weaker corporate governance. Collectively, the findings are consistent with the conjecture that investors perceive the management-provided, mark-to-model, fair value estimates sufficiently reliable to use in firm valuation and do not discard them as “markings-to-myth.”

Suggested Citation

  • Kalin S. Kolev, 2019. "Do Investors Perceive Marking-to-Model as Marking-to-Myth? Early Evidence from FAS 157 Disclosure," Quarterly Journal of Finance (QJF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 9(02), pages 1-47, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:wsi:qjfxxx:v:09:y:2019:i:02:n:s2010139219500058
    DOI: 10.1142/S2010139219500058
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    2. Alex Dontoh & Fayez A. Elayan & Joshua Ronen & Tavy Ronen, 2021. "Unfair “Fair Value” in Illiquid Markets: Information Spillover Effects in Times of Crisis," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 67(8), pages 5163-5193, August.
    3. Chen, Bingyi, 2022. "Do investors value audit quality of complex estimates?," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    4. Ryan McDonough & Argyro Panaretou & Catherine Shakespeare, 2020. "Fair value accounting: Current practice and perspectives for future research," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(3-4), pages 303-332, March.
    5. Tadeusz Dudycz & Jadwiga Praźników, 2020. "Does the Mark-to-Model Fair Value Measure Make Assets Impairment Noisy?: A Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-24, February.
    6. Mahieux, Lucas, 2024. "Fair value accounting, illiquid assets, and financial stability," Other publications TiSEM 5dd826be-1379-4456-a9c2-e, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    7. Di Martino, G. & Miglietta, F. & Potì, V., 2024. "The impact of ESG scores on the value relevance of fair value hierarchy of financial instruments: Evidence from European Banks," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).

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