IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wsi/jdexxx/v21y2016i03ns1084946716500151.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Still A Man'S World? Second Generation Gender Bias In External Equity Term Sheet Negotiations

Author

Listed:
  • ETHNÉ SWARTZ

    (Fairleigh Dickinson University, 285 Madison Avenue, Madison, NJ, USA 07940, USA)

  • FRANCES M. AMATUCCI

    (Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania, USA 16057, USA)

  • SUSAN COLEMAN

    (University of Hartford, 200 Bloomfield Avenue, West Hartford, CT, USA 06117, USA)

Abstract

Women increasingly start and lead growth ventures yet receive a small proportion of external equity funding. Term sheet negotiation is a pivotal moment for obtaining growth capital. We employ a multi-method, mixed mode research design to explore strategies of women entrepreneurs who have negotiated term sheets and discuss our quantitative findings. Results indicate that women entrepreneurs in our sample worked hard to achieve optimal outcomes yet come up short because of exogenous and endogenous factors linked to second generation gender bias in the negotiation process. Propositions for future research are generated given the results of this exploratory research.

Suggested Citation

  • Ethné Swartz & Frances M. Amatucci & Susan Coleman, 2016. "Still A Man'S World? Second Generation Gender Bias In External Equity Term Sheet Negotiations," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 21(03), pages 1-20, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:wsi:jdexxx:v:21:y:2016:i:03:n:s1084946716500151
    DOI: 10.1142/S1084946716500151
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S1084946716500151
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1142/S1084946716500151?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tyzoon T. Tyebjee & Albert V. Bruno, 1984. "A Model of Venture Capitalist Investment Activity," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 30(9), pages 1051-1066, September.
    2. Peter Kelly & Michael Hay, 2003. "Business angel contracts: the influence of context," Venture Capital, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(4), pages 287-312, August.
    3. repec:taf:veecee:v:14:y:2012:i:2-3:p:111-129 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Brooks, Alison Wood & Schweitzer, Maurice E., 2011. "Can Nervous Nelly negotiate? How anxiety causes negotiators to make low first offers, exit early, and earn less profit," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 115(1), pages 43-54, May.
    5. Frances M Amatucci & Jeffrey E Sohl, 2004. "Women entrepreneurs securing business angel financing: tales from the field," Venture Capital, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 6(2-3), pages 181-196, April.
    6. Gartner, William B. & Birley, Sue, 2002. "Introduction to the special issue on qualitative methods in entrepreneurship research," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 17(5), pages 387-395, September.
    7. Joris Heuven & Aard Groen, 2012. "The role of social networks in financing technology-based ventures: An empirical exploration," Venture Capital, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(2-3), pages 131-149, January.
    8. Bowles, Hannah Riley & McGinn, Kathleen L., 2002. "When Does Gender Matter in Negotiation?," Working Paper Series rwp02-036, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government.
    9. Christina Constantinidis & Annie Cornet & Simona Asandei, 2006. "Financing of women-owned ventures: The impact of gender and other owner -and firm-related variables," Venture Capital, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(2), pages 133-157, January.
    10. Bowles, Hannah Riley & Babcock, Linda & McGinn, Kathleen L., 2005. "Constraints and Triggers: Situational Mechanics of Gender in Negotiation," Working Paper Series rwp05-051, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bradley, Samantha R. & Gicheva, Dora & Hassell, Lydia & Link, Albert N., 2013. "Gender Differences in Access to Private Investment Funding to Support the Development of New Technologies," UNCG Economics Working Papers 13-9, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics.
    2. Ethné Swartz & Frances Amatucci, 2018. "Framing Second Generation Gender Bias: Implications For Women’S Entrepreneurship," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 23(02), pages 1-17, June.
    3. Susan Coleman & Alicia Robb, 2009. "A comparison of new firm financing by gender: evidence from the Kauffman Firm Survey data," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 33(4), pages 397-411, December.
    4. Najib A. Mozahem & Moniat El Noufous K. El Masri & Nazhat M. Najm & Samah S. Saleh, 2021. "How Gender Differences in Entitlement and Apprehension Manifest Themselves in Negotiation," Group Decision and Negotiation, Springer, vol. 30(3), pages 587-610, June.
    5. Gilles Certhoux & Alexandre Perrin, 2013. "Business Angels' practices in the screening stage: A study of knowledge transfer to the entrepreneur," Post-Print hal-00853184, HAL.
    6. Caroline Tarillon & Han Yu & Ludivine Adla & Elodie Manthé & Geoffroy Enjolras, 2023. "Similarity is not everything: the influence of personal characteristics of entrepreneurs and investors on their fit," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 19(2), pages 709-732, June.
    7. Johannes Wallmeroth & Peter Wirtz & Alexander Peter Groh, 2017. "Institutional Seed Financing, Angel Financing, and Crowdfunding of Entrepreneurial Ventures: A Literature Review," Working Papers hal-01527999, HAL.
    8. Hart, Einav & Schweitzer, Maurice E., 2020. "Getting to less: When negotiating harms post-agreement performance," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 155-175.
    9. Dunne, Timothy C. & Clark, Brent B. & Berns, John P. & McDowell, William C., 2019. "The technology bias in entrepreneur-investor negotiations," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 258-269.
    10. Sharon Poczter & Melanie Shapsis, 2018. "Gender disparity in angel financing," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 51(1), pages 31-55, June.
    11. Gianni Romani & Miguel Atienza & Ernesto Amorós, 2011. "Financing needs of nascent entrepreneurs in Chile: does gender matter?," ERSA conference papers ersa10p1425, European Regional Science Association.
    12. Tzung-Hsien Lee & Chien-Liang Chen & Sung-Lin Wang, 2024. "The Investment Evaluation Standards and Process of Venture Capital Industry in Taiwan: Taking T Venture Capital Company as an Example," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 14(5), pages 1-3.
    13. Ye Zhang, 2020. "Discrimination in the Venture Capital Industry: Evidence from Field Experiments," Papers 2010.16084, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2022.
    14. Patzelt, Holger & zu Knyphausen-Aufseß, Dodo & Fischer, Heiko T., 2009. "Upper echelons and portfolio strategies of venture capital firms," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 24(6), pages 558-572, November.
    15. Brigitte Charles-Pauvers & Nathalie Schieb-Bienfait & Caroline Urbain, 2004. "La compétence du créateur d’entreprise innovante : quelles interrogations?," Post-Print hal-01416605, HAL.
    16. Fabio Bertoni & María Ferrer & José Martí, 2013. "The different roles played by venture capital and private equity investors on the investment activity of their portfolio firms," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 40(3), pages 607-633, April.
    17. L. Bottazzi & M. Da Rin & T. Hellmann, 2007. "The Importance of Trust for Investment: Evidence from Venture Capital," Working Papers 612, Dipartimento Scienze Economiche, Universita' di Bologna.
    18. Lenka Mynaříková & Vít Pošta, 2023. "The Effect of Consumer Confidence and Subjective Well-being on Consumers’ Spending Behavior," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 429-453, February.
    19. Castillo, Marco & Petrie, Ragan & Torero, Maximo & Vesterlund, Lise, 2013. "Gender differences in bargaining outcomes: A field experiment on discrimination," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 35-48.
    20. Karen Green & Benson Wier, 2015. "Influence of Ethical Position and Information Asymmetry on Transfer Price Negotiations," Accounting and Finance Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 4(1), pages 1-30, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wsi:jdexxx:v:21:y:2016:i:03:n:s1084946716500151. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Tai Tone Lim (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.worldscinet.com/jde/jde.shtml .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.