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Corruption: A View from the Persian Gulf

Author

Listed:
  • Hossein Askari

    (The George Washington University)

  • Scheherazade S. Rehman

    (The George Washington University)

  • Noora Arfaa

    (The World Bank)

Abstract

Corruption has been and continues to be evident in all societies, with differences only in manifestation and degrees. We focus on the manifestation and impact of corruption in the Persian Gulf oil-exporting countries and benchmark these countries against a set of non-oil-exporting Islamic countries and major non-Islamic oil-exporting countries. We first measure the degree of corruption in these countries using five of the most widely accepted direct and indirect indices of corruption. We then examine the relationship between corruption and various indicators of economic, social, and human development. Finally, we examine the association between corruption and oil endowment and the Islamic label, two common characteristics of the countries in the Persian Gulf. As such, the key focus of the paper is on the manifestation and impact of corruption in the Persian Gulf oil-exporting countries from a political-economy stand point and measurement of the impact of corruption on economic, social, and human development in the region. It should be mentioned that this paper was written before the blossoming of the “2011 Arab Spring.” The major reasons, to varying degrees, for the protests in the Mideast and North Africa have been because of decades of economic deprivation, autocratic rule, political injustice, institutional corruption, and human rights violations.

Suggested Citation

  • Hossein Askari & Scheherazade S. Rehman & Noora Arfaa, 2012. "Corruption: A View from the Persian Gulf," Global Economy Journal (GEJ), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 12(1), pages 1-36, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:wsi:gejxxx:v:12:y:2012:i:01:n:1524-5861.1698
    DOI: 10.1515/1524-5861.1698
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jakob Svensson, 2005. "Eight Questions about Corruption," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 19(3), pages 19-42, Summer.
    2. Knack, Stephen, 2006. "Measuring corruption in Eastern Europe and Central Asia : a critique of the cross-country indicators," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3968, The World Bank.
    3. Anwar Shah, 2007. "Performance Accountability and Combating Corruption," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 6732.
    4. Hossein Askari & Scheherazade Sabina Rehman & Noora Arfaa, 2010. "Corruption and its Manifestation in the Persian Gulf," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 12946.
    5. Mr. Vito Tanzi & Mr. Hamid R Davoodi, 1997. "Corruption, Public Investment, and Growth," IMF Working Papers 1997/139, International Monetary Fund.
    6. Rehman Scheherazade S. & Askari Hossein, 2010. "How Islamic are Islamic Countries?," Global Economy Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 10(2), pages 1-40, May.
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    Keywords

    corruption; Persian Gulf; oil;
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