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Using Catastrophe-Linked Securities to Diversity Insurance Risk: A Financial Analysis of Cat Bonds

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  • Henri Louberge
  • Evis Kellezi
  • Manfred Gilli

Abstract

Severe natural catastrophes in the early 1990s generated a lack of financial capacity in the catastrophe line of the global reinsurance market. The finance industry reacted to this situation by issuing innovative products designed to spread the excess risk more widely among international investors (risk securitization). The paper reviews these developments and emphasizes their significance with respect to the economic theory of risk exchanges. Special attention is devoted to the case of catastrophe- linked bonds, issued by ceding insurers to secure ex post conditional capital for the payment of claims. We analyze these new securities as financial portfolios combining a straight bond and catastrophe options. Using option pricing theory and simulation analysis in a stochastic interest rate environment, we show that investors attracted by the potential for diversification benefits should not overlook the optional features when including these securities in an asset portfolio.

Suggested Citation

  • Henri Louberge & Evis Kellezi & Manfred Gilli, 1999. "Using Catastrophe-Linked Securities to Diversity Insurance Risk: A Financial Analysis of Cat Bonds," Journal of Insurance Issues, Western Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 22(2), pages 125-146.
    • Handle: RePEc:wri:journl:v:22:y:1999:i:2:p:125-146
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Massimo Mariani & Paola Amoruso, 2016. "The Effectiveness of Catastrophe Bonds in Portfolio Diversification," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 6(4), pages 1760-1767.
    2. Pérez-Fructuoso, María José, 2017. "Tarificación de bonos sobre catástrofes (cat bonds) con desencadenantes de índices de pérdidas. Modelación mediante un proceso de Ornstein-Uhlenbeck || Pricing Loss Index Triggered Cat Bonds. An Ornst," Revista de Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la Empresa = Journal of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, vol. 24(1), pages 340-361, Diciembre.
    3. Ma, Zong-Gang & Ma, Chao-Qun, 2013. "Pricing catastrophe risk bonds: A mixed approximation method," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(2), pages 243-254.
    4. Chang Carolyn W. & Feng Yalan, 2021. "Hurricane Bond Price Dependency on Underlying Hurricane Parameters," Asia-Pacific Journal of Risk and Insurance, De Gruyter, vol. 15(1), pages 1-21, January.
    5. Zac J. Taylor, 2020. "The real estate risk fix: Residential insurance-linked securitization in the Florida metropolis," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 52(6), pages 1131-1149, September.
    6. Riza Andrian Ibrahim & Sukono & Herlina Napitupulu & Rose Irnawaty Ibrahim, 2024. "Earthquake Bond Pricing Model Involving the Inconstant Event Intensity and Maximum Strength," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-21, March.
    7. Eckhard Platen & David Taylor, 2016. "Loading Pricing of Catastrophe Bonds and Other Long-Dated, Insurance-Type Contracts," Research Paper Series 379, Quantitative Finance Research Centre, University of Technology, Sydney.
    8. Y. Esmaeelzade Aghdam & A. Neisy & A. Adl, 2024. "Simulating and Pricing CAT Bonds Using the Spectral Method Based on Chebyshev Basis," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 63(1), pages 423-435, January.
    9. Ivan Damnjanovic & Zafer Aslan & John Mander, 2010. "Market‐Implied Spread for Earthquake CAT Bonds: Financial Implications of Engineering Decisions," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(12), pages 1753-1770, December.
    10. Ben Ammar, Semir & Braun, Alexander & Eling, Martin, 2015. "Alternative Risk Transfer and Insurance-Linked Securities: Trends, Challenges and New Market Opportunities," I.VW HSG Schriftenreihe, University of St.Gallen, Institute of Insurance Economics (I.VW-HSG), volume 56, number 56.
    11. Braun, Alexander, 2011. "Pricing catastrophe swaps: A contingent claims approach," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(3), pages 520-536.
    12. Fabio Pizzutilo & Elisabetta Venezia, 2018. "Are catastrophe bonds effective financial instruments in the transport and infrastructure industries? Evidence from international financial markets," Business and Economic Horizons (BEH), Prague Development Center, vol. 14(2), pages 256-267, April.
    13. Henri Loubergé, 1998. "Risk and Insurance Economics 25 Years After," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 23(4), pages 540-567, October.
    14. Riza Andrian Ibrahim & Sukono & Herlina Napitupulu, 2022. "Multiple-Trigger Catastrophe Bond Pricing Model and Its Simulation Using Numerical Methods," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-17, April.
    15. Sukono & Riza Andrian Ibrahim & Moch Panji Agung Saputra & Yuyun Hidayat & Hafizan Juahir & Igif Gimin Prihanto & Nurfadhlina Binti Abdul Halim, 2022. "Modeling Multiple-Event Catastrophe Bond Prices Involving the Trigger Event Correlation, Interest, and Inflation Rates," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(24), pages 1-18, December.

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