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Allocating Resources to Enhance Resilience, with Application to Superstorm Sandy and an Electric Utility

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  • Cameron A. MacKenzie
  • Christopher W. Zobel

Abstract

This article constructs a framework to help a decisionmaker allocate resources to increase his or her organization's resilience to a system disruption, where resilience is measured as a function of the average loss per unit time and the time needed to recover full functionality. Enhancing resilience prior to a disruption involves allocating resources from a fixed budget to reduce the value of one or both of these characteristics. We first look at characterizing the optimal resource allocations associated with several standard allocation functions. Because the resources are being allocated before the disruption, however, the initial loss and recovery time may not be known with certainty. We thus also apply the optimal resource allocation model for resilience to three models of uncertain disruptions: (1) independent probabilities, (2) dependent probabilities, and (3) unknown probabilities. The optimization model is applied to an example of increasing the resilience of an electric power network following Superstorm Sandy.

Suggested Citation

  • Cameron A. MacKenzie & Christopher W. Zobel, 2016. "Allocating Resources to Enhance Resilience, with Application to Superstorm Sandy and an Electric Utility," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(4), pages 847-862, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:riskan:v:36:y:2016:i:4:p:847-862
    DOI: 10.1111/risa.12479
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bilal M. Ayyub, 2014. "Systems Resilience for Multihazard Environments: Definition, Metrics, and Valuation for Decision Making," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(2), pages 340-355, February.
    2. Hiba Baroud & Jose E. Ramirez‐Marquez & Kash Barker & Claudio M. Rocco, 2014. "Stochastic Measures of Network Resilience: Applications to Waterway Commodity Flows," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(7), pages 1317-1335, July.
    3. Pant, Raghav & Barker, Kash & Zobel, Christopher W., 2014. "Static and dynamic metrics of economic resilience for interdependent infrastructure and industry sectors," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 92-102.
    4. Hiba Baroud & Kash Barker & Jose E. Ramirez‐Marquez & Claudio M. Rocco, 2015. "Inherent Costs and Interdependent Impacts of Infrastructure Network Resilience," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 35(4), pages 642-662, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Baghersad, Milad & Zobel, Christopher W., 2021. "Assessing the extended impacts of supply chain disruptions on firms: An empirical study," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    2. Sperling, Martina & Schryen, Guido, 2022. "Decision support for disaster relief: Coordinating spontaneous volunteers," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 299(2), pages 690-705.
    3. Hu, Man & Liu, Xue-Xin & Jia, Fu, 2024. "Optimal Emergency Order Policy for Supply Disruptions in the Semiconductor Industry," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    4. Yanyan Wang & Baiqing Sun, 2022. "Multiperiod optimal emergency material allocation considering road network damage and risk under uncertain conditions," Operational Research, Springer, vol. 22(3), pages 2173-2208, July.
    5. Xiaodong Li & Yang Xu & Kin Keung Lai & Hao Ji & Yaning Xu & Jia Li, 2022. "A Multi-Period Vehicle Routing Problem for Emergency Perishable Materials under Uncertain Demand Based on an Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(17), pages 1-17, August.
    6. MacKenzie, Cameron A. & Hu, Chao, 2019. "Decision making under uncertainty for design of resilient engineered systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    7. Hadi Alizadeh & Ayyoob Sharifi, 2020. "Assessing Resilience of Urban Critical Infrastructure Networks: A Case Study of Ahvaz, Iran," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-20, May.
    8. Yanyan Wang & Vicki M. Bier & Baiqing Sun, 2019. "Measuring and Achieving Equity in Multiperiod Emergency Material Allocation," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 39(11), pages 2408-2426, November.
    9. Liu, Wei & Song, Zhaoyang, 2020. "Review of studies on the resilience of urban critical infrastructure networks," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    10. Xing, Jinduo & Zeng, Zhiguo & Zio, Enrico, 2020. "Joint optimization of safety barriers for enhancing business continuity of nuclear power plants against steam generator tube ruptures accidents," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    11. Wu, Jiaxin & Wang, Pingfeng, 2021. "Risk-averse optimization for resilience enhancement of complex engineering systems under uncertainties," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    12. Fang, Yi-Ping & Zio, Enrico, 2019. "An adaptive robust framework for the optimization of the resilience of interdependent infrastructures under natural hazards," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 276(3), pages 1119-1136.
    13. Doan, Xuan Vinh & Shaw, Duncan, 2019. "Resource allocation when planning for simultaneous disasters," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 274(2), pages 687-709.

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