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The Sizes, Shapes, and Mineralogy of Asbestos Structures that Induce Lung Tumors or Mesothelioma in AF/HAN Rats Following Inhalation

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  • D. Wayne Berman
  • Kenny S. Crump
  • Eric J. Chatfield
  • John M.G. Davis
  • Alan D. Jones

Abstract

Data from inhalation studies in which AF/HAN rats were exposed to nine different types of asbestos dusts (in 13 separate experiments) are employed in a statistical analysis to determine if a measure of asbestos exposure (expressed as concentrations of structures with defined sizes, shapes and mineralogy) can be identified that satisfactorily predicts the observed lung tumor or mesothelioma incidence in the experiments. Due to limitations in the characterization of asbestos structures in the original studies, new exposure measures were developed from samples of the original dusts that were re‐generated and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy using a direct transfer technique. This analysis provided detailed information on the mineralogy (i.e., chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite or tremolite), type (i.e., fiber, bundle, cluster, or matrix), size (length and width) and complexity (i.e., number of identifiable components of a cluster or matrix) of each individual structure. No univariate measure of exposure was found to provide an adequate description of the lung tumor responses observed among the inhalation studies, although the measure most highly correlated with tumor incidence is the concentration of structures >20 μm in length. Multivariate measures of exposure were identified that do adequately describe the lung tumor responses. Structures contributing to lung tumor risk appear to be long (>5 μm) thin (0.4 μm) fibers and bundles, with a possible contribution by long and very thick (>5 μm) complex clusters and matrices. Potency appears to increase with increasing length, with structures longer than 40 um being about 500 times more potent than structures between 5 and 40 um in length. Structures

Suggested Citation

  • D. Wayne Berman & Kenny S. Crump & Eric J. Chatfield & John M.G. Davis & Alan D. Jones, 1995. "The Sizes, Shapes, and Mineralogy of Asbestos Structures that Induce Lung Tumors or Mesothelioma in AF/HAN Rats Following Inhalation," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(2), pages 181-195, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:riskan:v:15:y:1995:i:2:p:181-195
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00312.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Suresh H. Moolgavkar & E. Georg Luebeck & Jay Turim & Linda Hanna, 1999. "Quantitative Assessment of the Risk of Lung Cancer Associated with Occupational Exposure to Refractory Ceramic Fibers," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 19(4), pages 599-611, August.
    2. Suresh H. Moolgavkar & Jay Turim & Dominik D. Alexander & Edmund C. Lau & Colleen A. Cushing, 2010. "Potency Factors for Risk Assessment at Libby, Montana," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(8), pages 1240-1248, August.
    3. Patrick A. Hessel & M. Jane Teta & Michael Goodman & Edmund Lau, 2004. "Mesothelioma Among Brake Mechanics: An Expanded Analysis of a Case‐Control Study," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 24(3), pages 547-552, June.
    4. D. Wayne Berman, 2011. "Apples to Apples: The Origin and Magnitude of Differences in Asbestos Cancer Risk Estimates Derived Using Varying Protocols," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 31(8), pages 1308-1326, August.

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