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Reducing Conservatism in Risk Estimation for Mixtures of Carcinogens

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  • Ralph L. Kodell
  • James J. Chen

Abstract

The excess cancer risk that might result from exposure to a mixture of chemical carcinogens usually must be estimated using data from experiments conducted with individual chemicals. In estimating such risk, it is commonly assumed that the total risk due to the mixture is the sum of the risks of the individual components, provided that the risks associated with individual chemicals at levels present in the mixture are low. This assumption, while itself not necessarily conservative, has led to the conservative practice of summing individual upper‐bound risk estimates in order to obtain an upper bound on the total excess cancer risk for a mixture. Less conservative procedures are described here and are illustrated for the case of a mixture of four carcinogens.

Suggested Citation

  • Ralph L. Kodell & James J. Chen, 1994. "Reducing Conservatism in Risk Estimation for Mixtures of Carcinogens," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 14(3), pages 327-332, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:riskan:v:14:y:1994:i:3:p:327-332
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1994.tb00248.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. John H. Farmer & Ralph L. Kodell & David W. Gaylor, 1982. "Estimation and Extrapolation of Tumor Probabilities from a Mouse Bioassay with Survival/Sacrifice Components," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 2(1), pages 27-34, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Vincent James Cogliano, 1997. "Plausible Upper Bounds: Are Their Sums Plausible?," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(1), pages 77-84, February.
    2. Jing‐Shiang Hwang & James J. Chen, 1999. "An Evaluation of Risk Estimation Procedures for Mixtures of Carcinogens," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 19(6), pages 1071-1076, December.
    3. David W. Gaylor & James J. Chen, 1996. "A Simple Upper Limit for the Sum of the Risks of the Components in a Mixture," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 16(3), pages 395-398, June.

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