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Nonmonetary poverty in Ethiopia: Multidimensional approach

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  • Migbaru Alamirew Workneh

Abstract

This study aims to estimate the nonmonetary multidimensional poverty index (MPI) for Ethiopia using the counting approach of Alkire and Foster and the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data. Fourteen country‐specific indicators are used for the poverty estimation using equal and unequal weighting approaches. It is found that, the estimation with unequal weighting gives a much higher level of MPI compared to the equal weighting approach. The results also show that cooking fuel, electricity, housing, and women's literacy are more relevant indicators of multidimensional poverty in Ethiopia. The contribution of place of delivery, domestic violence, and women's right to make decisions is also not minimal. It is also found that the MPI estimation depends on the specific weighting method used, number of dimensions and indicators selected for estimation, and cross‐dimensional cut‐off applied. Hence, policies that lessen poverty by improving cooking fuel, electricity, housing, and women's literacy, which are particularly focussed on rural areas, are needed. In addition, the application of unequal weighting, which enables us to see the trade‐off between dimensions, is better to determine the indicators in which society is more deprived than equal weighting. 本文使用学者Alkire 和Foster(2011)的计数法以及2016年人口健康调查(DHS)数据,对埃塞俄比亚的非经济多维贫困指标进行了预测。对14个国家特定指标使用均等和不均等加权法,预测非经济多维贫困。通过不均等加权法进行的预测与均等加权法相比,前者得出的多维贫困指数(MPI)要高出许多。结果还显示,厨房燃料、用电、住房以及妇女的识字能力是更相关的指标,它们比其他指标更能对埃塞俄比亚多维贫困作贡献。交付地点、家庭暴力和妇女的决策权利对多维贫困的贡献也不小。研究还发现,多维贫困指数预测取决于所使用的特定加权法、用于预测的维度数量和指标数量、以及跨维度界限。因此,所需的减贫政策应能改善厨房燃料、用电、住房、妇女识字能力,尤其是在农村地区。此外,比起均等加权法,不均等加权法(能发现不同维度之间的得失)更能发现更贫困社会的测量指标。 Este documento estima el índice de pobreza multidimensional no monetaria de Etiopía utilizando el método de conteo de Alkire y Foster (2011) y los datos de la Encuesta demográfica de salud (DHS) de 2016. Se utilizan catorce indicadores específicos de país para estimar la pobreza multidimensional no monetaria con enfoques de ponderación igual y desigual. La estimación con ponderación desigual da un nivel mucho más alto de IPM en comparación con el enfoque de ponderación igual. Los resultados también muestran que el combustible para cocinar, la electricidad, la vivienda y la alfabetización de las mujeres son indicadores más relevantes, lo que contribuye mucho en comparación con otros indicadores, a la pobreza multidimensional en Etiopía. La contribución del lugar del parto, la violencia doméstica y el derecho de la mujer a tomar decisiones tampoco es mínima. También se encuentra que la estimación del índice de pobreza multidimensional depende del método de ponderación específico utilizado, el número de dimensiones e indicadores seleccionados para la estimación y el punto de corte transversal aplicado. Por lo tanto, se necesitan políticas que reduzcan la pobreza mejorando el combustible para cocinar, la electricidad, la vivienda y la alfabetización de las mujeres, especialmente en las zonas rurales. Además, la aplicación de una ponderación desigual, que permite ver el equilibrio entre dimensiones, es mejor para descubrir los indicadores en los que la sociedad está más desfavorecida que la ponderación igual.

Suggested Citation

  • Migbaru Alamirew Workneh, 2020. "Nonmonetary poverty in Ethiopia: Multidimensional approach," Poverty & Public Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 12(4), pages 326-356, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:povpop:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:326-356
    DOI: 10.1002/pop4.290
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sabina Alkire and Selim Jahan, 2018. "The New Global MPI 2018: Aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals," OPHI Working Papers ophiwp121.pdf, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford.
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    11. François Bourguignon & Satya R. Chakravarty, 2019. "The Measurement of Multidimensional Poverty," Themes in Economics, in: Satya R. Chakravarty (ed.), Poverty, Social Exclusion and Stochastic Dominance, pages 83-107, Springer.
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