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Mountain climate and periglacial phenomena in the Faeroe Islands

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  • Ole Humlum
  • Hanne H. Christiansen

Abstract

The location of the Faeroe Islands in a climatically unique part of the North Atlantic region provides an opportunity to register the timing and severity of late Quaternary climatic changes. These reflect the cessation and renewal of thermohaline circulation. In this context, this paper provides an introduction to the late Weichselian and Holocene periglacial geomorphology of the Faeroe Islands. It presents the most prominent periglacial phenomena together with their altitudinal and spatial distribution. Although permafrost has been absent during the Holocene, the occurrence of late Weichselian rock glaciers indicates the former presence of permafrost. The modern periglacial environment is characterized by wind action, avalanche activity, talus production, debris flows, solifluction and the development of small‐scale patterned ground. The distribution of active periglacial phenomena is analysed in relation to air and soil temperatures, measured 1995–97, at various altitudes. The altitudinal range of 250–450 m ASL represents the modern lower limit for periglacial activity, and corresponds to a mean annual air temperature of 5·0–3·5 °C. Above this altitudinal range, periglacial features such as small‐scale patterned ground and sorted stripes are widespread and plant growth is restricted. This periglacial zone extends to the top of the highlands (maximum altitude 882 m ASL). Today, the potential permafrost and glaciation levels are presumably situated 300–450 m and 150–250 m above the highest mountains, respectively. Past Holocene periglacial activity is documented by 14C accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates, the 100 year temperature record from Tórshavn, statistics of whale catch and other historical records from the Faeroe Islands and neighbouring areas. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. La position des îles Féroé fournit une opportunité de retrouver la succession et la sévérité des changements climatiques quaternaires dans une zone unique de l'Atlantique Nord. Ceux‐ci témoignent de l'arrêt et de la remise en marche de la circulation océanique thermohaline. Dans ce contexte, le présent article fournit une introduction à la géomorphologie périglaciaire de la fin du Weischelien et de l'Holocène des îles Féroé. Il présente d'ailleurs aussi les principaux phénomènes périglaciaires de ces îles, ainsi que leur distribution altitudinale et spatiale. La présence de glaciers rocheux de la fin du Weischelien indique l'existence ancienne d'un pergélisol qui a disparu pendant l'Holocène. L'environnement périglaciaire moderne est caractérisé par l'action éolienne, l'activité des avalanches, la formation d'éboulis, des écoulements boueux, de la solifluxion et l'apparition de petits sols périglaciaires. La distribution des phénomènes périglaciaires actifs est analysée en relation avec les températures de l'air et du sol mesurées entre 1995 et 1997 à différentes altitudes. La limite actuelle des phénomènes périglaciaires se trouve entre 250 et 450 m d'altitude et correspond à une température moyenne annuelle de 5·0 à 3,5 °C. Au dessus de cette limite d'altitude, les phénomènes périglaciaires tels que les petits sols polygonaux et les sols striés sont largement répandus alors que la croissance de la végétation est limitée. Cette zone périglaciaire s'étend jusqu'au sommet des îles (altitude maximale 882 m). Aujourd'hui, le pergélisol potentiel et la limite des neiges éternelles sont probablement situés respectivement à 300–450 m et 150–250 m au‐dessus des plus hautes sommets. L'activité périglaciaire holocène ancienne est établie par des datations 14C, des enregistrements de température qui couvrent 100 ans à Torshavn, des statistiques des captures de baleines et d'autres données historiques provenant des îles Féroé et des régions voisines.

Suggested Citation

  • Ole Humlum & Hanne H. Christiansen, 1998. "Mountain climate and periglacial phenomena in the Faeroe Islands," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 9(3), pages 189-211, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:9:y:1998:i:3:p:189-211
    DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199807/09)9:33.0.CO;2-N
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    Cited by:

    1. Zbyněk Engel & Marek Křížek & Régis Braucher & Tomáš Uxa & David Krause & AsterTeam, 2021. "10Be exposure age for sorted polygons in the Sudetes Mountains," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(1), pages 154-168, January.
    2. Peter Martin & Terence A. Brown & Timothy S. George & Björn Gunnarson & Neil J. Loader & Paul Ross & John Wishart & Rob Wilson, 2023. "Climatic controls on the survival and loss of ancient types of barley on North Atlantic Islands," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 176(2), pages 1-20, February.

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