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Recent climatic trend and thermal response of permafrost in Salluit, Northern Quebec, Canada

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  • Baolai Wang
  • Michel Allard

Abstract

Not all places may in fact warm under global change scenarios. This paper presents an example of climatic cooling from northern Quebec, Canada. Ground temperature measurements along the southern shore of Hudson Strait, northern Quebec indicate a cooling trend over the last seven years (1987‐93). Long‐term air temperature records show that this area has actually experienced continuous cooling for more than 40 years. Related studies suggest that the cooling is likely to continue due to freshening of subpolar water in the North Atlantic and Labrador Sea area. A one‐dimensional geothermal model was used to simulate the effect of continued cooling on permafrost thermal regime in Salluit, northern Quebec. The results show that, if the climatic trend continues for the next 50 years, the thickness of the active layer would decrease by 30cm (from 2.3 to 2.0 m) in gneiss and by 20cm (from 1.3 to 1.1 m) in till. Permafrost temperature at 20 m depth would decrease by 0.65 °C. Under the cooling scenario, rate of permafrost creep and slope activities would be reduced. Ice‐wedge regrowth would continue, and the buried ice wedges may even become reactivated. The results also indicate that regional snow precipitation data cannot be used directly in predicting ground thermal regimes. Un réchauffement ne se produira pas partout dans les scénarios de 'global change'. Le présent article donne un exemple de refroidissement climatique dans le Québec septentrional, au Canada. Des mesures de la température du sol effectuées le long de la cǒte méridionale du détroit d'Hudson dans le nord du Québec montrent une tendance au refroidissement au cours des sept dernières années (1987‐1993). Les enregistrements de la température de l'air de cette région indiquent de la měme façon un refroidissement continu qui se poursuit depuis plus de 40 ans. Des études diverses suggèrent que le refroidissement continuera probablement en raison du refroidissement des eaux subpolaires de l'Atlantique nord et la mer du Labrador. Un modèle géothermique à une dimension a été utilisé pour simuler l'effet du refroidissement sur le régime thermique du pergélisol à Salluit dans le Québec septentrional. Les résultats montrent que si la tendance climatique se poursuit pendant les 50 prochaines années, l'épaisseur de la couche active diminuera de 30cm (2,3m à 2.0 m) dans le gneiss et de 20 cm (1,3 à 1,10) dans les dépǒts glaciaires. La température à 20 m de profondeur diminuera de 0,65°C. Dans ce scénario de refroidissement, la vitesse du creep dans le pergélisol et l'action des processus agissant sur les pentes seront réduites. La croissance des coins de glace se poursuivra et des coins de glace enfouis pourraient měme ětre réactivés. Les résultats indiquent également que les mesures régionales des précipitations neigeuses ne peuvent pas ětre utilisées directement pour prédire les régimes thermiques du sol.

Suggested Citation

  • Baolai Wang & Michel Allard, 1995. "Recent climatic trend and thermal response of permafrost in Salluit, Northern Quebec, Canada," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 6(3), pages 221-233, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:6:y:1995:i:3:p:221-233
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.3430060303
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    1. Samuel Gagnon & Michel Allard, 2021. "Modeled (1990–2100) variations in active‐layer thickness and ice‐wedge activity near Salluit, Nunavik (Canada)," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(3), pages 447-467, July.

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