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Innovation by design: SPARK and the Overcoming of Stanford University's Translational “Valley of Death” in Bio‐Medicine

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  • Henry Etzkowitz
  • Alex Mack
  • Thomas Schaffer
  • Jim Scopa
  • Lei Guo
  • Tatiana Pospelova

Abstract

Stanford University's world leadership as an entrepreneurial university induced a “paradox of success,” inhibiting further development of its organizational infrastructure for entrepreneurship support. Nevertheless, some prospective academic entrepreneurs realized that there were invisible persisting gaps in the university's innovation system. We discuss the role of the entrepreneurial university and provide a case study of SPARK, an organizational innovation, created to address Stanford's translational research gap, that was then spread to other universities. The creation of a support structure to encourage students and faculty to define entrepreneurial projects as part of their education and research revealed a novel organizational change dynamic.

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  • Henry Etzkowitz & Alex Mack & Thomas Schaffer & Jim Scopa & Lei Guo & Tatiana Pospelova, 2020. "Innovation by design: SPARK and the Overcoming of Stanford University's Translational “Valley of Death” in Bio‐Medicine," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 41(6), pages 1113-1125, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:mgtdec:v:41:y:2020:i:6:p:1113-1125
    DOI: 10.1002/mde.2966
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