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Towards a standardised definition for fundamental care: A modified Delphi study

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Listed:
  • Rebecca Feo
  • Tiffany Conroy
  • Eva Jangland
  • Åsa Muntlin Athlin
  • Maria Brovall
  • Jenny Parr
  • Karin Blomberg
  • Alison Kitson

Abstract

Aims and objectives To generate a standardised definition for fundamental care and identify the discrete elements that constitute such care. Background There is poor conceptual clarity surrounding fundamental care. The Fundamentals of Care Framework aims to overcome this problem by outlining three core dimensions underpinning such care. Implementing the Framework requires a standardised definition for fundamental care that reflects the Framework's conceptual understanding, as well as agreement on the elements that comprise such care (i.e., patient needs, such as nutrition, and nurse actions, such as empathy). This study sought to achieve this consensus. Design Modified Delphi study. Methods Three phases: (i) engaging stakeholders via an interactive workshop; (ii) using workshop findings to develop a preliminary definition for, and identify the discrete elements that constitute, fundamental care; and (iii) gaining consensus on the definition and elements via a two‐round Delphi approach (Round 1 n = 38; Round 2 n = 28). Results Delphi participants perceived both the definition and elements generated from the workshop as comprehensive, but beyond the scope of fundamental care. Participants questioned whether the definition should focus on patient needs and nurse actions, or more broadly on how fundamental care should be delivered (e.g., through a trusting nurse–patient relationship), and the outcomes of this care delivery. There were also mixed opinions whether the definition should be nursing specific. Conclusions This study has initiated crucial dialogue around how fundamental care is conceptualised and defined. Future work should focus on further refinements of the definition and elements with a larger, international group of practising nurses and service users. Relevance to clinical practice The definition and elements, through ongoing refinement, will contribute to a robust evidence base that will underpin policy development and the systematic and effective teaching, delivery, measurement and evaluation of fundamental care.

Suggested Citation

  • Rebecca Feo & Tiffany Conroy & Eva Jangland & Åsa Muntlin Athlin & Maria Brovall & Jenny Parr & Karin Blomberg & Alison Kitson, 2018. "Towards a standardised definition for fundamental care: A modified Delphi study," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(11-12), pages 2285-2299, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:jocnur:v:27:y:2018:i:11-12:p:2285-2299
    DOI: 10.1111/jocn.14247
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. McCormack, Lauren A. & Treiman, Katherine & Rupert, Douglas & Williams-Piehota, Pamela & Nadler, Eric & Arora, Neeraj K. & Lawrence, William & Street Jr., Richard L., 2011. "Measuring patient-centered communication in cancer care: A literature review and the development of a systematic approach," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 72(7), pages 1085-1095, April.
    2. Alison L. Kitson & Åsa Muntlin Athlin, 2013. "Development and Preliminary Testing of a Framework to Evaluate Patients' Experiences of the Fundamentals of Care: A Secondary Analysis of Three Stroke Survivor Narratives," Nursing Research and Practice, Hindawi, vol. 2013, pages 1-12, June.
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    1. Lawless, Michael T. & Tieu, Matthew & Feo, Rebecca & Kitson, Alison L., 2021. "Theories of self-care and self-management of long-term conditions by community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-ethnography," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 287(C).

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