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The potential for scaling up container‐based sanitation in informal settlements in Kenya

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  • Adrian Mallory
  • Anna Mdee
  • Dorice Agol
  • Leonie Hyde‐Smith
  • Domenic Kiogora
  • Joy Riungu
  • Alison Parker

Abstract

Kenya has enshrined the right to sanitation in the 2010 constitution. Achieving this requires scaling up infrastructure and models of delivery beyond sewer networks that have previously been the focus. In Kenya, two enterprises, Sanergy and Sanivation, have been providing new forms of off‐grid services with container‐based sanitation (CBS). This paper uses a political economy analysis to understand the incentives, institutions and power dynamics that are enabling or constraining the potential for such off‐grid sanitation models. The paper outlines six core problems to be addressed in the pursuit of scaling up: fragmented governance; sustainability of CBS enterprise models; service delivery planning in informal settlements; personal power rather than institutions in decision‐making; vested local interests; and land tenure and political connection. It discusses how stakeholders might work collaboratively to progressively address or recognise these issues.

Suggested Citation

  • Adrian Mallory & Anna Mdee & Dorice Agol & Leonie Hyde‐Smith & Domenic Kiogora & Joy Riungu & Alison Parker, 2022. "The potential for scaling up container‐based sanitation in informal settlements in Kenya," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(7), pages 1347-1361, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:jintdv:v:34:y:2022:i:7:p:1347-1361
    DOI: 10.1002/jid.3639
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. World Bank, 2019. "Evaluating the Potential of Container-Based Sanitation," World Bank Publications - Reports 31296, The World Bank Group.
    2. Martin Kenney & John Zysman, 2019. "Unicorns, Cheshire cats, and the new dilemmas of entrepreneurial finance," Venture Capital, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(1), pages 35-50, January.
    3. World Bank, 2019. "Evaluating the Potential of Container-Based Sanitation," World Bank Publications - Reports 31294, The World Bank Group.
    4. Akosua Sarpong Boakye-Ansah & Klaas Schwartz & Margreet Zwarteveen, 2019. "From Rowdy Cartels to Organized Ones? The Transfer of Power in Urban Water Supply in Kenya," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 31(5), pages 1246-1262, December.
    5. World Bank, 2019. "Evaluating the Potential of Container-Based Sanitation," World Bank Publications - Reports 31293, The World Bank Group.
    6. McGranahan, Gordon, 2015. "Realizing the Right to Sanitation in Deprived Urban Communities: Meeting the Challenges of Collective Action, Coproduction, Affordability, and Housing Tenure," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 242-253.
    7. World Bank, 2019. "Evaluating the Potential of Container-Based Sanitation," World Bank Publications - Reports 31292, The World Bank Group.
    8. Biniam E. Bedasso, 2017. "For richer, for poorer: why ethnicity often trumps economic cleavages in Kenya," Review of African Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(151), pages 10-29, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Adewunmi, Yewande & Chigbu, Uchendu Eugene & Mwando, Sam & Kahireke, Uaurika, 2023. "Entrepreneurship role in the co-production of public services in informal settlements − A scoping review," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    2. Zaqout, Mariam & Mdee, Anna & Barrington, Dani & Agol, Dorice & Evans, Barbara E., 2024. "Differentiated and conflicting incentives across the sanitation value chain: the case of Sanergy in Nairobi," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 124201, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.

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