IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wly/jfutmk/v42y2022i8p1409-1433.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Option pricing with state‐dependent pricing kernel

Author

Listed:
  • Chen Tong
  • Peter Reinhard Hansen
  • Zhuo Huang

Abstract

We introduce a new volatility model for option pricing that combines Markov switching with the realized generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) framework. This leads to a novel pricing kernel with a state‐dependent variance risk premium and a pricing formula for European options, which is derived with an analytical approximation method. We apply the Markov‐switching Realized GARCH model to Standard and Poor's 500 index options from 1990 to 2019 and find that investors' aversion to volatility‐specific risk is time‐varying. The proposed framework outperforms competing models and reduces (in‐sample and out‐of‐sample) option‐pricing errors by 15% or more.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen Tong & Peter Reinhard Hansen & Zhuo Huang, 2022. "Option pricing with state‐dependent pricing kernel," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(8), pages 1409-1433, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:jfutmk:v:42:y:2022:i:8:p:1409-1433
    DOI: 10.1002/fut.22338
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/fut.22338
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1002/fut.22338?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Liew, Chuin Ching & Siu, Tak Kuen, 2010. "A hidden Markov regime-switching model for option valuation," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(3), pages 374-384, December.
    2. Bekaert, Geert & Hoerova, Marie & Lo Duca, Marco, 2013. "Risk, uncertainty and monetary policy," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(7), pages 771-788.
    3. Chao‐Chun Chen & Ming‐Yang Hung, 2010. "Option pricing under Markov‐switching GARCH processes," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(5), pages 444-464, May.
    4. Ornthanalai, Chayawat, 2014. "Lévy jump risk: Evidence from options and returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 112(1), pages 69-90.
    5. Ait-Sahalia, Yacine & Lo, Andrew W., 2000. "Nonparametric risk management and implied risk aversion," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 94(1-2), pages 9-51.
    6. Peter Christoffersen & Steven Heston & Kris Jacobs, 2013. "Capturing Option Anomalies with a Variance-Dependent Pricing Kernel," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 26(8), pages 1963-2006.
    7. Polkovnichenko, Valery & Zhao, Feng, 2013. "Probability weighting functions implied in options prices," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(3), pages 580-609.
    8. Bakshi, Gurdip & Cao, Charles & Chen, Zhiwu, 1997. "Empirical Performance of Alternative Option Pricing Models," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 52(5), pages 2003-2049, December.
    9. Jackwerth, Jens Carsten, 2000. "Recovering Risk Aversion from Option Prices and Realized Returns," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 13(2), pages 433-451.
    10. Bakshi, Gurdip & Madan, Dilip & Panayotov, George, 2010. "Returns of claims on the upside and the viability of U-shaped pricing kernels," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(1), pages 130-154, July.
    11. Fousseni Chabi-Yo & René Garcia & Eric Renault, 2008. "State Dependence Can Explain the Risk Aversion Puzzle," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 21(2), pages 973-1011, April.
    12. Christoffersen, Peter & Jacobs, Kris & Ornthanalai, Chayawat, 2012. "Dynamic jump intensities and risk premiums: Evidence from S&P500 returns and options," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 106(3), pages 447-472.
    13. Geert Bekaert & Eric C. Engstrom & Nancy R. Xu, 2022. "The Time Variation in Risk Appetite and Uncertainty," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(6), pages 3975-4004, June.
    14. Jin-Chuan Duan & Ivilina Popova & Peter Ritchken, 2002. "Option pricing under regime switching," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 2(2), pages 116-132.
    15. Maria Grith & Wolfgang K. Härdle & Volker Krätschmer, 2017. "Reference-Dependent Preferences and the Empirical Pricing Kernel Puzzle," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 21(1), pages 269-298.
    16. Kiesel, Rüdiger & Rahe, Florentin, 2017. "Option pricing under time-varying risk-aversion with applications to risk forecasting," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 120-138.
    17. John Y. Campbell & John Cochrane, 1999. "Force of Habit: A Consumption-Based Explanation of Aggregate Stock Market Behavior," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 107(2), pages 205-251, April.
    18. Franc Klaassen, 2002. "Improving GARCH volatility forecasts with regime-switching GARCH," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 27(2), pages 363-394.
    19. Ole E. Barndorff-Nielsen & Peter Reinhard Hansen & Asger Lunde & Neil Shephard, 2008. "Designing Realized Kernels to Measure the ex post Variation of Equity Prices in the Presence of Noise," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 76(6), pages 1481-1536, November.
    20. Peter Reinhard Hansen & Zhuo Huang, 2016. "Exponential GARCH Modeling With Realized Measures of Volatility," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(2), pages 269-287, April.
    21. Donald Aingworth & Sanjiv Das & Rajeev Motwani, 2006. "A simple approach for pricing equity options with Markov switching state variables," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 6(2), pages 95-105.
    22. Robert JARROW & Andrew RUDD, 2008. "Approximate Option Valuation For Arbitrary Stochastic Processes," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Financial Derivatives Pricing Selected Works of Robert Jarrow, chapter 1, pages 9-31, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    23. Hazem Daouk & Jie Qun Guo, 2004. "Switching asymmetric GARCH and options on a volatility index," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(3), pages 251-282, March.
    24. Rosenberg, Joshua V. & Engle, Robert F., 2002. "Empirical pricing kernels," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 64(3), pages 341-372, June.
    25. Hansen, Peter R. & Lunde, Asger, 2014. "Estimating The Persistence And The Autocorrelation Function Of A Time Series That Is Measured With Error," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 30(1), pages 60-93, February.
    26. Heston, Steven L & Nandi, Saikat, 2000. "A Closed-Form GARCH Option Valuation Model," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 13(3), pages 585-625.
    27. Zhuo Huang & Chen Tong & Tianyi Wang, 2019. "VIX term structure and VIX futures pricing with realized volatility," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(1), pages 72-93, January.
    28. Christoffersen, Peter & Feunou, Bruno & Jacobs, Kris & Meddahi, Nour, 2014. "The Economic Value of Realized Volatility: Using High-Frequency Returns for Option Valuation," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 49(3), pages 663-697, June.
    29. Robert J. Elliott & Tak Kuen Siu & Leunglung Chan, 2006. "Option Pricing For Garch Models With Markov Switching," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 9(06), pages 825-841.
    30. Peter Christoffersen & Kris Jacobs, 2004. "Which GARCH Model for Option Valuation?," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(9), pages 1204-1221, September.
    31. Yang Shen & Kun Fan & Tak Kuen Siu, 2014. "Option Valuation Under a Double Regime‐Switching Model," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(5), pages 451-478, May.
    32. Li, George, 2007. "Time-varying risk aversion and asset prices," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 243-257, January.
    33. Lucas, Robert E, Jr, 1978. "Asset Prices in an Exchange Economy," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 46(6), pages 1429-1445, November.
    34. Peter Reinhard Hansen & Zhuo Huang & Howard Howan Shek, 2012. "Realized GARCH: a joint model for returns and realized measures of volatility," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(6), pages 877-906, September.
    35. Corsi, Fulvio & Fusari, Nicola & La Vecchia, Davide, 2013. "Realizing smiles: Options pricing with realized volatility," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(2), pages 284-304.
    36. Majewski, Adam A. & Bormetti, Giacomo & Corsi, Fulvio, 2015. "Smile from the past: A general option pricing framework with multiple volatility and leverage components," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 187(2), pages 521-531.
    37. Cai, Jun, 1994. "A Markov Model of Switching-Regime ARCH," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 12(3), pages 309-316, July.
    38. Grith, Maria & Karl Härdle, Wolfgang & Krätschmer, Volker, 2013. "Reference dependent preferences and the EPK puzzle," SFB 649 Discussion Papers 2013-023, Humboldt University Berlin, Collaborative Research Center 649: Economic Risk.
    39. Hamilton, James D. & Susmel, Raul, 1994. "Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity and changes in regime," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 64(1-2), pages 307-333.
    40. Chen Tong & Zhuo Huang, 2021. "Pricing VIX options with realized volatility," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 41(8), pages 1180-1200, August.
    41. Drew Creal & Siem Jan Koopman & André Lucas, 2013. "Generalized Autoregressive Score Models With Applications," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(5), pages 777-795, August.
    42. Zhuo Huang & Tianyi Wang & Peter Reinhard Hansen, 2017. "Option Pricing with the Realized GARCH Model: An Analytical Approximation Approach," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 37(4), pages 328-358, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Mozumder, Sharif & Frijns, Bart & Talukdar, Bakhtear & Kabir, M. Humayun, 2024. "On practitioners closed-form GARCH option pricing," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    2. Tong, Chen, 2024. "Pricing CBOE VIX in non-affine GARCH models with variance risk premium," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 62(PA).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Peter Reinhard Hansen & Chen Tong, 2022. "Option Pricing with Time-Varying Volatility Risk Aversion," Papers 2204.06943, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2024.
    2. Chen Tong & Zhuo Huang, 2021. "Pricing VIX options with realized volatility," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 41(8), pages 1180-1200, August.
    3. Horatio Cuesdeanu & Jens Carsten Jackwerth, 2018. "The pricing kernel puzzle: survey and outlook," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 14(3), pages 289-329, August.
    4. Fangsheng Yin & Yang Bian & Tianyi Wang, 2021. "A short cut: Directly pricing VIX futures with discrete‐time long memory model and asymmetric jumps," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 41(4), pages 458-477, April.
    5. Wang, Qi & Wang, Zerong, 2020. "VIX valuation and its futures pricing through a generalized affine realized volatility model with hidden components and jump," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    6. Augustyniak, Maciej & Badescu, Alexandru & Bégin, Jean-François, 2023. "A discrete-time hedging framework with multiple factors and fat tails: On what matters," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 232(2), pages 416-444.
    7. Fang Liang & Lingshan Du & Zhuo Huang, 2023. "Option pricing with overnight and intraday volatility," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(11), pages 1576-1614, November.
    8. Byun, Suk Joon & Jeon, Byoung Hyun & Min, Byungsun & Yoon, Sun-Joong, 2015. "The role of the variance premium in Jump-GARCH option pricing models," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 38-56.
    9. Peter Reinhard Hansen & Zhuo Huang & Chen Tong & Tianyi Wang, 2024. "Realized GARCH, CBOE VIX, and the Volatility Risk Premium," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 22(1), pages 187-223.
    10. Stylianos Perrakis, 2022. "From innovation to obfuscation: continuous time finance fifty years later," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 36(3), pages 369-401, September.
    11. Maik Dierkes & Jan Krupski & Sebastian Schroen & Philipp Sibbertsen, 2024. "Volatility-dependent probability weighting and the dynamics of the pricing kernel puzzle," Review of Derivatives Research, Springer, vol. 27(1), pages 1-35, April.
    12. Tong, Chen, 2024. "Pricing CBOE VIX in non-affine GARCH models with variance risk premium," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 62(PA).
    13. Christoffersen, Peter & Jacobs, Kris & Chang, Bo Young, 2013. "Forecasting with Option-Implied Information," Handbook of Economic Forecasting, in: G. Elliott & C. Granger & A. Timmermann (ed.), Handbook of Economic Forecasting, edition 1, volume 2, chapter 0, pages 581-656, Elsevier.
    14. Polkovnichenko, Valery & Zhao, Feng, 2013. "Probability weighting functions implied in options prices," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(3), pages 580-609.
    15. Dillschneider, Yannick & Maurer, Raimond, 2019. "Functional Ross recovery: Theoretical results and empirical tests," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    16. Chen Tong & Zhuo Huang & Tianyi Wang, 2022. "Do VIX futures contribute to the valuation of VIX options?," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(9), pages 1644-1664, September.
    17. Zhuo Huang & Chen Tong & Tianyi Wang, 2019. "VIX term structure and VIX futures pricing with realized volatility," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(1), pages 72-93, January.
    18. Tianyi Wang & Sicong Cheng & Fangsheng Yin & Mei Yu, 2022. "Overnight volatility, realized volatility, and option pricing," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(7), pages 1264-1283, July.
    19. Song, Zhaogang & Xiu, Dacheng, 2016. "A tale of two option markets: Pricing kernels and volatility risk," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 190(1), pages 176-196.
    20. Steven Heston & Kris Jacobs & Hyung Joo Kim, 2023. "The Pricing Kernel in Options," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2023-053, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wly:jfutmk:v:42:y:2022:i:8:p:1409-1433. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-7314/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.