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A note on cointegration of health expenditures and income

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  • Zijun Wang
  • Andrew J. Rettenmaier

Abstract

Utilizing a panel data set of 50 US states, this note investigates nonstationarity and cointegration of health care expenditures and gross state products (GSP). Both the individual state‐based method and the recent panel data method are applied. Allowing for structural breaks in the test, we find that health care expenditures and GSP are both nonstationary. The evidence also suggests that the two series form a cointegrating relationship. The income elasticities of health spending vary over states and became smaller in the 1990s. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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  • Zijun Wang & Andrew J. Rettenmaier, 2007. "A note on cointegration of health expenditures and income," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(6), pages 559-578, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:hlthec:v:16:y:2007:i:6:p:559-578
    DOI: 10.1002/hec.1182
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    Cited by:

    1. Tang, Chor Foon, 2010. "Revisiting the health-income nexus in Malaysia: ARDL cointegration and Rao's F-test for causality," MPRA Paper 27287, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Nadide Halıcı-Tülüce & İbrahim Doğan & Cüneyt Dumrul, 2016. "Is income relevant for health expenditure and economic growth nexus?," International Journal of Health Economics and Management, Springer, vol. 16(1), pages 23-49, March.
    3. Ben Brewer & Karen Smith Conway & Deniz Ozabaci & Robert S. Woodward, 2022. "US Health Care Expenditures, GDP and Health Policy Reforms: Evidence from End-of-Sample Structural Break Tests," Eastern Economic Journal, Palgrave Macmillan;Eastern Economic Association, vol. 48(4), pages 451-487, October.
    4. Guglielmo Maria Caporale & Juncal Cunado & Luis A. Gil-Alana & Rangan Gupta, 2018. "The relationship between healthcare expenditure and disposable personal income in the US states: a fractional integration and cointegration analysis," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 55(3), pages 913-935, November.
    5. Mihaela Onofrei & Elena Cigu & Anca-Florentina Gavriluta (Vatamanu) & Ionel Bostan & Florin Oprea, 2021. "Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Budgetary Mechanism Established to Cover Public Health Expenditure. A Case Study of Romania," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-15, January.
    6. Tang, Chor Foon, 2010. "The determinants of health expenditure in Malaysia: A time series analysis," MPRA Paper 24356, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Tang, Chor Foon, 2011. "Multivariate Granger Causality and the Dynamic Relationship between Health Care Spending, Income and Relative Price of Health Care in Malaysia," Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, Hitotsubashi University, vol. 52(2), pages 199-214, December.
    8. Hyejin Lee & Dong-Yop Oh & Ming Meng, 2019. "Stationarity and cointegration of health care expenditure and GDP: evidence from tests with smooth structural shifts," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 57(2), pages 631-652, August.
    9. Zijun Wang, 2009. "The convergence of health care expenditure in the US states," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 18(1), pages 55-70, January.
    10. Yang, Y., 2014. "Modeling health and mortality dynamics, and their effects on public finance," Other publications TiSEM c0acd15f-e715-46b1-b146-4, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    11. Ekaterini Panopoulou & Theologos Pantelidis, 2013. "Cross‐State Disparities In Us Health Care Expenditures," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 22(4), pages 451-465, April.
    12. Fabrizio Iacone & Steve Martin & Luigi Siciliani & Peter C. Smith, 2012. "Modelling the dynamics of a public health care system: evidence from time-series data," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(23), pages 2955-2968, August.
    13. Nicholas Apergis, 2013. "Health Expenses: Evidence from the Club Clustering Approach," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 19(4), pages 399-407, November.
    14. Rezwanul Hasan Rana & Khorshed Alam & Jeff Gow, 2020. "Health expenditure and gross domestic product: causality analysis by income level," International Journal of Health Economics and Management, Springer, vol. 20(1), pages 55-77, March.
    15. Nicholas Apergis & Puja Padhi, 2013. "Health expenses and economic growth: convergence dynamics across the Indian States," International Journal of Health Economics and Management, Springer, vol. 13(3), pages 261-277, December.
    16. Andrew J. Rettenmaier & Zijun Wang, 2012. "Regional variations in medical spending and utilization: a longitudinal analysis of US Medicare population," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 21(2), pages 67-82, February.

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