IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wly/finmar/v32y2023i3p89-114.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Credit ETFs in Mutual Funds and Corporate Bond Liquidity

Author

Listed:
  • Jeffrey Meli
  • Zornitsa Todorova

Abstract

We show that high yield (HY) mutual funds own and trade ETFs to manage liquidity needs driven by fund flows, whereas investment grade (IG) funds do not. The use of ETFs by HY mutual funds to manage liquidity shifts some trading away from bonds and into ETFs, which reduces the liquidity of the underlying bonds. This substitution effect outweighs the better‐understood inclusion effect, whereby bond liquidity benefits from increased ETF ownership, such that the net effect of ETFs is to reduce HY liquidity. In IG, the substitution effect is not significant and ETFs result in increased bond liquidity.

Suggested Citation

  • Jeffrey Meli & Zornitsa Todorova, 2023. "Credit ETFs in Mutual Funds and Corporate Bond Liquidity," Financial Markets, Institutions & Instruments, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(3), pages 89-114, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:finmar:v:32:y:2023:i:3:p:89-114
    DOI: 10.1111/fmii.12171
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/fmii.12171
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/fmii.12171?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Francis A. Longstaff & Sanjay Mithal & Eric Neis, 2005. "Corporate Yield Spreads: Default Risk or Liquidity? New Evidence from the Credit Default Swap Market," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 60(5), pages 2213-2253, October.
    2. Vladyslav Sushko & Grant Turner, 2018. "The implications of passive investing for securities markets," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, March.
    3. Dannhauser, Caitlin D., 2017. "The impact of innovation: Evidence from corporate bond exchange-traded funds (ETFs)," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(3), pages 537-560.
    4. Morris, Stephen & Shim, Ilhyock & Shin, Hyun Song, 2017. "Redemption risk and cash hoarding by asset managers," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 71-87.
    5. Wei Jiang & Jitao Ou & Zhongyan Zhu, 2021. "Mutual Fund Holdings of Credit Default Swaps: Liquidity, Yield, and Risk," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 76(2), pages 537-586, April.
    6. Lesmond, David A & Ogden, Joseph P & Trzcinka, Charles A, 1999. "A New Estimate of Transaction Costs," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 12(5), pages 1113-1141.
    7. Jack Bao & Jun Pan & Jiang Wang, 2011. "The Illiquidity of Corporate Bonds," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 66(3), pages 911-946, June.
    8. Goldstein, Michael A. & Hotchkiss, Edith S., 2020. "Providing liquidity in an illiquid market: Dealer behavior in US corporate bonds," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 135(1), pages 16-40.
    9. Doron Israeli & Charles M. C. Lee & Suhas A. Sridharan, 2017. "Is there a dark side to exchange traded funds? An information perspective," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 22(3), pages 1048-1083, September.
    10. Chernenko, Sergey & Sunderam, Adi, 2016. "Liquidity transformation in asset management: Evidence from the cash holdings of mutual funds," ESRB Working Paper Series 23, European Systemic Risk Board.
    11. Itzhak Ben‐David & Francesco Franzoni & Rabih Moussawi, 2018. "Do ETFs Increase Volatility?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 73(6), pages 2471-2535, December.
    12. Dick-Nielsen, Jens & Feldhütter, Peter & Lando, David, 2012. "Corporate bond liquidity before and after the onset of the subprime crisis," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(3), pages 471-492.
    13. Friewald, Nils & Jankowitsch, Rainer & Subrahmanyam, Marti G., 2012. "Illiquidity or credit deterioration: A study of liquidity in the US corporate bond market during financial crises," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(1), pages 18-36.
    14. Subrahmanyam, Avanidhar, 1991. "A Theory of Trading in Stock Index Futures," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 4(1), pages 17-51.
    15. Amy K. Edwards & Lawrence E. Harris & Michael S. Piwowar, 2007. "Corporate Bond Market Transaction Costs and Transparency," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 62(3), pages 1421-1451, June.
    16. Jiang, Hao & Li, Dan & Wang, Ashley, 2021. "Dynamic Liquidity Management by Corporate Bond Mutual Funds," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 56(5), pages 1622-1652, August.
    17. Goldstein, Itay & Jiang, Hao & Ng, David T., 2017. "Investor flows and fragility in corporate bond funds," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(3), pages 592-613.
    18. Sergey Chernenko & Adi Sunderam, 2016. "Liquidity Transformation in Asset Management: Evidence from the Cash Holdings of Mutual Funds," NBER Working Papers 22391, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    19. Hendrik Bessembinder & Stacey Jacobsen & William Maxwell & Kumar Venkataraman, 2018. "Capital Commitment and Illiquidity in Corporate Bonds," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 73(4), pages 1615-1661, August.
    20. Sherrill, D. Eli & Shirley, Sara E. & Stark, Jeffrey R., 2020. "ETF use among actively managed mutual fund portfolios," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    21. Jaewon Choi & Mathias Kronlund, 2018. "Reaching for Yield in Corporate Bond Mutual Funds," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 31(5), pages 1930-1965.
    22. Shane A. Corwin & Paul Schultz, 2012. "A Simple Way to Estimate Bid‐Ask Spreads from Daily High and Low Prices," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 67(2), pages 719-760, April.
    23. Jens Dick-Nielsen & Marco Rossi, 2019. "The Cost of Immediacy for Corporate Bonds," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(1), pages 1-41.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Goldstein, Michael A. & Namin, Elmira Shekari, 2023. "Corporate bond liquidity and yield spreads: A review," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    2. Dekker, Lennart, 2024. "Essays on asset liquidity and investment funds," Other publications TiSEM 5fc9bf77-84e7-4a36-9e3a-1, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    3. Ali Ebrahim Nejad & Saeid Hoseinzade & Aryan Molanaei, 2023. "Flight from Liquidity and Corporate Bond Yields," Financial Markets, Institutions & Instruments, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(5), pages 255-283, December.
    4. Helwege, Jean & Wang, Liying, 2021. "Liquidity and price pressure in the corporate bond market: evidence from mega-bonds," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    5. Markus Herrmann & Martin Hibbeln, 2023. "Trading and liquidity in the catastrophe bond market," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 90(2), pages 283-328, June.
    6. Han, Song & Huang, Alan Guoming & Kalimipalli, Madhu & Wang, Ke, 2022. "Information and liquidity of over-the-counter securities: Evidence from public registration of Rule 144A bonds," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 59(PB).
    7. Molestina Vivar, Luis & Wedow, Michael & Weistroffer, Christian, 2023. "Burned by leverage? Flows and fragility in bond mutual funds," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 354-380.
    8. Dannhauser, Caitlin D., 2017. "The impact of innovation: Evidence from corporate bond exchange-traded funds (ETFs)," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(3), pages 537-560.
    9. Huang, Alan Guoming & Wermers, Russ & Xue, Jinming, 2023. ""Buy the rumor, sell the news": Liquidity provision by bond funds following corporate news events," CFR Working Papers 23-07, University of Cologne, Centre for Financial Research (CFR).
    10. Milan Szabo, 2022. "Meeting investor outflows in Czech bond and equity funds: horizontal or vertical?," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 49(4), pages 1123-1151, November.
    11. Rhodes, Meredith E. & Mason, Joseph R., 2023. "ETF ownership and firm-specific information in corporate bond returns," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    12. Díaz, Antonio & Escribano, Ana, 2020. "Measuring the multi-faceted dimension of liquidity in financial markets: A literature review," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    13. Zhu, Qifei, 2021. "Capital supply and corporate bond issuances: Evidence from mutual fund flows," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(2), pages 551-572.
    14. O'Hara, Maureen & Zhou, Xing (Alex), 2021. "Anatomy of a liquidity crisis: Corporate bonds in the COVID-19 crisis," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(1), pages 46-68.
    15. Díaz, Antonio & Escribano, Ana, 2022. "Liquidity dimensions in the U.S. corporate bond market," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1163-1179.
    16. Stefano Lovo & Philippe Raimbourg & Federica Salvadè, 2022. "Credit rating agencies, information asymmetry and US bond liquidity," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 49(9-10), pages 1863-1896, October.
    17. Jiang, Hao & Li, Yi & Sun, Zheng & Wang, Ashley, 2022. "Does mutual fund illiquidity introduce fragility into asset prices? Evidence from the corporate bond market," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(1), pages 277-302.
    18. Reichenbacher, Michael & Schuster, Philipp, 2022. "Size-adapted bond liquidity measures and their asset pricing implications," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(2), pages 425-443.
    19. Jakub Kubiczek, 2020. "Corporate Bond Market in Poland—Prospects for Development," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-13, December.
    20. Mariassunta Giannetti & Chotibhak Jotikasthira, 2024. "Bond Price Fragility and the Structure of the Mutual Fund Industry," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 37(7), pages 2063-2109.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wly:finmar:v:32:y:2023:i:3:p:89-114. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.