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Policy Challenges for Grandparents Caring for Grandchildren with Disabilities

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  • Madonna Harrington Meyer
  • Ynesse Abdul‐Malak

Abstract

Childhood disability rates in the US are increasing, but supports for families are not. As a result, US grandparents provide a great deal of care for grandchildren with disabilities. When they do, they face a myriad of social policy challenges. Here we explore three such challenges: (1) how access to employment benefits such as paid vacation, paid sick leave, paid parental leave, or affordable, high quality childcare shapes grandparent care work; (2) how access to poverty‐based, social assistance programs, such as SNAP, SSI, and Medicaid, shapes grandparent care work; and (3) how access to disability policies and programs, such as those pertaining to accessible classrooms, parks, or apartments, shapes grandparent care work. We augment this assessment of policies with quotes from fifty interviews we conducted with grandparents caring for grandchildren with disabilities. We found that grandparents were providing childcare, bathing, feeding, transportation, and therapy; helping with homework; accompanying grandchildren for medical care; paying for everything from groceries to surgeries; and assisting with technical medical care. Several were also advocating for their grandchildren with administrators at SNAP, SSI, Medicaid, public schools, park districts, and landlords. Caring for grandchildren with disabilities gives many grandparents a great deal of joy, satisfaction, and purpose. Although most are eager and happy to help, doing so may adversely impact their financial, social, emotional, and physical wellbeing. Those with sufficient resources may be more readily able to absorb the impact, but those who provide the most care with the fewest resources are more likely to deplete their savings, incur new debts, reduce or end employment, restrict social lives, and forego travel plans. They are also more likely to experience anxiety and emotional distress, have disabilities of their own, and neglect their physical wellbeing through a lack of exercise, improper diets, and delayed medical and dental care. Las tasas de discapacidad infantil en los EE. UU. Están aumentando, pero los apoyos para las familias no. Como resultado, los abuelos de los Estados Unidos brindan una gran atención a los nietos con discapacidades. Cuando lo hacen, se enfrentan a una miríada de desafíos de política social. Aquí exploramos tres de estos desafíos: (1) cómo el acceso a beneficios laborales como vacaciones pagadas, licencia por enfermedad remunerada, licencia parental remunerada o cuidado infantil asequible y de alta calidad configura el trabajo de cuidado de los abuelos; (2) cómo el acceso a programas de asistencia social basados en la pobreza, como SNAP, SSI y Medicaid, configura el trabajo de cuidado de los abuelos; y (3) cómo el acceso a las políticas y programas de discapacidad, como los relacionados con aulas, parques o apartamentos accesibles, configura el trabajo de cuidado de los abuelos. Aumentamos esta evaluación de políticas con citas de cincuenta entrevistas que realizamos con abuelos que cuidan a nietos con discapacidades. Descubrimos que los abuelos brindaban cuidado de niños, baño, alimentación, transporte y terapia; ayudando con la tarea; nietos acompañantes para atención médica; pagar por todo, desde comestibles hasta cirugías; y asistencia con asistencia médica técnica. Varios también abogaban por sus nietos con administradores de SNAP, SSI, Medicaid, escuelas públicas, distritos de parques y propietarios. Cuidar a los nietos con discapacidades les da a muchos abuelos una gran alegría, satisfacción y propósito. Aunque la mayoría está ansiosa y feliz de ayudar, hacerlo puede afectar negativamente su bienestar financiero, social, emocional y físico. Aquellos con recursos suficientes pueden ser más capaces de absorber el impacto, pero aquellos que brindan la mayor atención con la menor cantidad de recursos tienen más probabilidades de agotar sus ahorros, incurrir en nuevas deudas, reducir o terminar el empleo, restringir la vida social y renunciar a los planes de viaje. También son más propensos a experimentar ansiedad y angustia emocional, tener sus propias discapacidades y descuidar su bienestar físico por falta de ejercicio, dietas inadecuadas y atención médica y dental tardía. 美国儿童残疾率正在上升,但对家庭提供的支持却没有增加。结果,美国祖父母为身患残疾的孙辈提供了极大的照顾。当他们这么做时面临着许多社会政策挑战。我们在此探究三种这类挑战:(1) 对例如带薪假期、带薪病假、带薪产假、或可负担的高质量儿童护理等员工福利的获取如何影响祖父母对孙辈的护理工作;(2) 对基于贫困的社会协助项目,例如补充营养援助计划(SNAP)、 补充保障收入(SSI)、医疗补助(Medicaid)的获取如何影响祖父母对孙辈的护理工作;(3) 对残疾政策及相关项目,例如那些与残疾人教室、公园或公寓有关的获取如何影响祖父母对孙辈的护理工作。通过与那些养育残疾孙辈的祖父母们进行的50次面谈得出的引述,我们对该政策评估进行了阐述。我们发现,祖父母曾提供儿童护理、洗澡、喂食、交通和治疗;帮助完成家庭作业;陪同孙辈进行医疗;支付从杂货到手术等一切费用;协助技术医疗。几位祖父母还曾在SNAP、SSI 、Medicaid、公立学校、公园区域和房东管理员面前公开支持孙辈。教养残疾孙辈为许多祖父母带来了极大的快乐、满足和目的。尽管大多数祖父母都乐意帮助,但这样做可能会对其经济、社会、情感和身体健康造成消极影响。那些拥有充足资源的祖父母可能更能准备好承受这些影响,但那些用最少资源提供最多护理的祖父母更可能耗尽其储蓄、引起新债务、较少或终止就业、限制社交生活、放弃旅行计划。他们也更可能经历焦虑和情感痛苦,并由于缺少锻炼、不协调饮食、医疗及口腔护理拖延而忽视其个人的身体健康。

Suggested Citation

  • Madonna Harrington Meyer & Ynesse Abdul‐Malak, 2020. "Policy Challenges for Grandparents Caring for Grandchildren with Disabilities," Journal of Elder Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 1(1), pages 97-120, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:eldpol:v:1:y:2020:i:1:p:97-120
    DOI: 10.18278/jep.1.1.5
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    1. Whittle, Henry J. & Palar, Kartika & Ranadive, Nikhil A. & Turan, Janet M. & Kushel, Margot & Weiser, Sheri D., 2017. "“The land of the sick and the land of the healthy”: Disability, bureaucracy, and stigma among people living with poverty and chronic illness in the United States," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 181-189.
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