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The Informativeness of Relative Performance Information and its Effect on Effort Allocation in a Multitask Environment

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  • R. Lynn Hannan
  • Gregory P. McPhee
  • Andrew H. Newman
  • Ivo D. Tafkov
  • Steven J. Kachelmeier

Abstract

Prior research documents that providing relative performance information (RPI) motivates employees to increase effort; however, a potential downside of RPI is that it also motivates employees to distort their effort allocations between tasks such that it can be detrimental to overall firm performance. This study investigates via an experiment how the informativeness of RPI affects employees' effort allocations and performance in a multitask environment. We investigate the informativeness of two RPI design choices that are observed in practice: detail level and temporal aggregation. Regarding detail level, firms may provide each employee's performance ranking on tasks, which is less informative than providing the actual performance score of each employee. Regarding temporal aggregation, firms may provide RPI that is reset each period, which is less informative than RPI that is based on cumulative performance. We find RPI detail level and temporal aggregation interact to influence effort distortion. Specifically, we find that, compared to reset RPI, cumulative RPI leads to greater distortion of effort away from firm‐preferred allocations and that this effect is magnified when RPI provides actual performance scores rather than performance rankings. Finally, high levels of effort distortion hurt overall performance, thereby demonstrating the potentially detrimental effect of effort distortion on performance. Results of our study enhance our understanding of how firms can use their control over the design of RPI to enhance its usefulness in directing employees' effort in multitask environments by highlighting the role that informativeness of information can have on employee behavior. La valeur informative des renseignements sur la performance relative et leur incidence sur la répartition des efforts dans un environnement multi‐tâches De précédentes études révèlent que les renseignements sur la performance relative (RPR) incitent les employés à déployer davantage d'efforts ; les RPR peuvent toutefois présenter un aspect négatif en incitant aussi les employés à modifier la répartition de leurs efforts entre les tâches d'une manière préjudiciable à la performance globale de l'entreprise. En procédant à une expérience, les auteurs cherchent à déterminer en quoi la valeur informative des RPR influe sur la répartition des efforts des employés et sur leur performance dans un environnement multi‐tâches. Ils se penchent sur la valeur informative de deux éléments de la conception des RPR à l’égard desquels est fait un choix dans la pratique : le niveau de détail et l'agrégation temporelle. En ce qui a trait au niveau de détail, les entreprises peuvent fournir le classement de chaque employé quant à la performance dans l'exécution des tâches, renseignement dont la valeur informative est inférieure à celle de la cote réelle de chaque employé quant à la performance. En ce qui a trait à l'agrégation temporelle, les entreprises peuvent fournir des RPR reconstitués à chaque période, renseignements dont la valeur informative est inférieure à celle des RPR basés sur la performance cumulative. Les auteurs constatent que le niveau de détail et l'agrégation temporelle des RPR interagissent de telle sorte qu'ils influent sur la distorsion des efforts. Ils notent plus précisément que, comparativement aux RPR reconstitués, les RPR cumulatifs entraînent une distorsion qui éloigne davantage les efforts de la répartition privilégiée par l'entreprise, incidence amplifiée lorsque les RPR fournissent des cotes réelles plutôt que des classements quant à la performance. Enfin, des niveaux élevés de distorsion des efforts nuisent à la performance globale, ce qui confirme les répercussions préjudiciables potentielles de la distorsion des efforts sur la performance. Les résultats de l’étude nous permettent de mieux comprendre comment les entreprises peuvent utiliser le contrôle qu'elles exercent sur la conception des RPR de manière à en accroître l'utilité dans l'orientation des efforts des employés dans les environnements multi‐tâches, en mettant en évidence l'incidence que peut avoir la valeur informative des renseignements sur le comportement des employés.

Suggested Citation

  • R. Lynn Hannan & Gregory P. McPhee & Andrew H. Newman & Ivo D. Tafkov & Steven J. Kachelmeier, 2019. "The Informativeness of Relative Performance Information and its Effect on Effort Allocation in a Multitask Environment," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(3), pages 1607-1633, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:36:y:2019:i:3:p:1607-1633
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12482
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    Cited by:

    1. Nicole Nikiforow & Sebastian Wagener, 2021. "The contextual effect of completion on the effectiveness of performance feedback," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 91(1), pages 61-90, February.
    2. Philipp Schreck, 2020. "Volume or value? How relative performance information affects task strategy and performance," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 90(5), pages 733-755, June.
    3. Petra Nieken & Anna Ressi, 2022. "Which Peer Group to Choose? The Effects of Relative Performance Information on Employee Self-Selection and Performance," CESifo Working Paper Series 9940, CESifo.
    4. Henry Eyring & Patrick J. Ferguson & Sebastian Koppers, 2021. "Less Information, More Comparison, and Better Performance: Evidence from a Field Experiment," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 59(2), pages 657-711, May.
    5. Smith, Steven D. & Thomas, Tyler F., 2024. "The effects of strategic alignment and strategic clarity on multidimensional task performance," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).

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