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Revealing Corporate Financial Misreporting

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  • Quinn D. Curtis
  • Dain C. Donelson
  • Justin J. Hopkins

Abstract

This study examines how frequently firms restate when they materially misstate their financial statements using stock option backdating as the setting. Stock option backdating provides a unique opportunity to study this issue because it is possible to estimate misstatements with publicly available information to a high level of confidence, and the extensive media coverage of backdating notified boards of directors of the significant risk of misstatement. After identifying firms that materially misstated earnings due to stock option backdating with 95 percent (99 percent) probability, we find that only 11.5 percent (16.1 percent) of these firms subsequently restated. Restating firms are larger, have greater board independence, higher litigation risk and ROA, a lower market‐to‐book ratio, less discretionary accruals, and are more likely to have a CFO that was not involved in backdating. Restating firms are also more likely to disclose other adverse news, face securities litigation, and turn over the CFO than firms that appear to materially backdate but do not restate. Since nearly 9 of 10 firms failed to restate, our results give pause to researchers who use restatements as an indicator of misreporting, and to regulators who levy penalties on those who do self‐report. Faits relatifs à la communication d'information financière erronée par les sociétés Les auteurs se demandent à quelle fréquence les sociétés procèdent à un retraitement lorsqu'il s'avère que leurs états financiers contiennent des anomalies significatives, dans le contexte de l'antidatage des options sur actions. L'antidatage desdites options offre une occasion unique d’étudier cette question, étant donné qu'il est possible d'estimer les anomalies en s'appuyant sur des renseignements accessibles au public avec un degré élevé de fiabilité et que l'abondante couverture médiatique de l'antidatage a sensibilisé les conseils d'administration à l'ampleur du risque d'anomalies. Après avoir dressé l'inventaire des sociétés qui présentent des résultats comportant des anomalies significatives attribuables à l'antidatage des options sur actions à 95 pour cent (99 pour cent) de probabilité, les auteurs constatent que seulement 11,5 pour cent (16,1 pour cent) de ces sociétés ont subséquemment procédé à un retraitement. Les sociétés qui procèdent à des retraitements affichent les caractéristiques suivantes : taille plus importante, plus grande indépendance du conseil d'administration, risque de litige et rendement de l'actif plus élevés, ratio valeur de marché–valeur comptable plus faible, ajustements discrétionnaires moins nombreux et directeur financier davantage susceptible de ne pas avoir pris part à l'opération d'antidatage. Les sociétés qui procèdent à des retraitements sont également plus susceptibles de faire état d'autres nouvelles négatives, d’être exposées à des litiges en matière de valeurs mobilières et de changer de directeur financier que les sociétés qui, bien qu'elles semblent recourir abondamment à l'antidatage, s'abstiennent de retraiter leurs états financiers. Puisque près de neuf sociétés sur dix ne procèdent à aucun retraitement, les résultats de l’étude donnent à réfléchir aux chercheurs qui utilisent les retraitements comme indicateur de communication d'informations erronées et aux autorités de réglementation qui imposent des pénalités aux sociétés optant pour l'autodéclaration.

Suggested Citation

  • Quinn D. Curtis & Dain C. Donelson & Justin J. Hopkins, 2019. "Revealing Corporate Financial Misreporting," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(3), pages 1337-1372, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:36:y:2019:i:3:p:1337-1372
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12474
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    1. DeFond, Mark & Zhang, Jieying, 2014. "A review of archival auditing research," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(2), pages 275-326.
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    1. Kimberly A. Whitler & Ben Lee & Sarah Young, 2022. "The impact of boards of directors on chief marketing officer performance: Framing and research agenda," AMS Review, Springer;Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 12(1), pages 116-136, June.

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