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Further Evidence on Consequences of Debt Covenant Violations

Author

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  • Yu Gao
  • Mozaffar Khan
  • Liang Tan

Abstract

We present new evidence on debt covenant violation (DCV) consequences that have not previously been examined in the literature. In particular, we show that a DCV triggers significant information asymmetry and uncertainty on the part of shareholders and auditors as reflected in higher bid–ask spreads, return volatility, and audit fees. Further, these consequences occur even when lender†imposed costs are relatively lower, consistent with the act of default itself triggering shareholder and auditor uncertainty. The results highlight costs to the firm of having bright†line rules in contracts, and add to an understanding of the consequences of DCVs.Les auteurs présentent de nouvelles données qui attestent les conséquences de la transgression des clauses restrictives des contrats de prêt et qui n'ont pas retenu l'attention des chercheurs jusqu’à maintenant. Ils montrent en particulier que la transgression des clauses restrictives se solde par des niveaux élevés d'asymétrie de l'information et d'incertitude des actionnaires et des auditeurs, ainsi qu'en témoignent les valeurs supérieures des écarts acheteur†vendeur, de la volatilité des rendements et des honoraires d'audit. En outre, ces conséquences se manifestent même lorsque les coûts exigés par le prêteur sont relativement plus faibles, de la même façon que le défaut de paiement lui†même déclenche l'incertitude chez les actionnaires et les auditeurs. Les résultats mettent en lumière les coûts que suppose pour une entreprise la stipulation de règles claires dans les contrats, et ils permettent de mieux comprendre les conséquences de la transgression des clauses restrictives.

Suggested Citation

  • Yu Gao & Mozaffar Khan & Liang Tan, 2017. "Further Evidence on Consequences of Debt Covenant Violations," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(3), pages 1489-1521, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:34:y:2017:i:3:p:1489-1521
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12303
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    Cited by:

    1. Theodore E. Christensen & Hang Pei & Spencer R. Pierce & Liang Tan, 2019. "Non-GAAP reporting following debt covenant violations," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 629-664, June.
    2. Weiwei Wang & Kenneth Zheng, 2020. "Real earnings manipulation and future performance: A revisit using quarterly data of firms with debt covenants," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 38(1), pages 76-96, January.
    3. Jun Guo & Pinghsun Huang & Yan Zhang, 2019. "Do debt covenant violations serve as a risk factor of ineffective internal control?," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 52(1), pages 231-251, January.
    4. Gu, Qiankun & Kong, Dongmin & Si, Fangbo & Xiong, Xi & Yu, Xiaoxu, 2024. "Credit default swaps and shareholder monitoring," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    5. Jeffrey Pittman & Yuping Zhao, 2020. "Debt Covenant Restriction, Financial Misreporting, and Auditor Monitoring," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(4), pages 2145-2185, December.
    6. Hien Hoang & Robyn Moroney & Soon‐Yeow Phang & Xinning Xiao, 2023. "Investor reactions to key audit matters: Financial and non‐financial contexts," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 63(3), pages 3325-3349, September.
    7. Li, Mingming & Liu, Haiming & Chiang, Yao-Min, 2022. "Government intervention, leverage adjustment, and firm performance: Evidence from defaulting firms," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    8. Tri Tri Nguyen & Chau Minh Duong & Nguyet Thi Minh Nguyen & Hung Quang Bui, 2020. "Accounting conservatism and banking expertise on board of directors," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 55(2), pages 501-539, August.
    9. Umar Butt, 2019. "Debt covenant violation, competition and cost of new debt," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 44(2), pages 163-187, May.
    10. Billett, Matthew T. & Esmer, Burcu & Yu, Miaomiao, 2018. "Creditor control and product-market competition," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 87-100.
    11. Yiwei Dou, 2020. "The Debt-Contracting Value of Accounting Numbers and Financial Covenant Renegotiation," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 66(3), pages 1124-1148, March.
    12. Yun Fan & Wayne B. Thomas & Xiaoou Yu, 2019. "The Impact of Financial Covenants in Private Loan Contracts on Classification Shifting," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 65(8), pages 3637-3653, August.
    13. Yichu Huang & Lei Chen & Frank Hong Liu, 2024. "Bank intervention and firms’ earnings management: evidence from debt covenant violations," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 63(1), pages 237-264, July.

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