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Alternative Income Determination Rules and Earnings Usefulness: The Case of R&D Costs

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  • MARTHA L. LOUDDER
  • BRUCE K. BEHN

Abstract

. Accounting procedures have been suggested as a factor affecting the usefulness of reported earnings for the users of financial statements. However, little evidence exists to confirm the ways in which mandatory changes in income determination rules influence the way the market responds to accounting information. This study expands the existing literature by testing the notion that accounting method choice can affect earnings usefulness for firms engaged in research and development (R&D) activities. We test hypotheses concerning (1) changes in earnings usefulness for firms that switched their R&D accounting method as a result of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 2 (SFAS No. 2); and (2) differences in earnings usefulness between similar firms using different R&D accounting methods prior to the rule change. We find that for our sample of R&D firms, there is a statistically significant decline in earnings usefulness for firms forced to switch from capitalizing to expensing R&D outlays, and that the decline appears to persist over time. In addition, the comparison of earnings usefulness between firms using different R&D accounting methods before SFAS No. 2 indicates that capitalizing firms had significantly higher earnings usefulness than expensing firms. Résumé. L'on a dit des méthodes comptables qu'elles avaient une incidence sur l'utilité des bénéfices déclarés pour les utilisateurs des états financiers. Peu de travaux établissent cependant de quelles façons les modifications obligatoires des règles régissant le calcul des bénéfices influent sur la réaction du marché à l'information comptable. Les auteurs enrichissent la documentation existante en testant la notion voulant que le choix de la méthode comptable puisse influer sur l'utilité des bénéfices dans le cas des entreprises qui poursuivent des activités de recherche et développement (R&D). Ils testent des hypothèses qui ont trat 1) à la variation de l'utilité de l'information relative aux bénéfices dans le cas d'entreprises ayant changé de méthode de comptabilisation des frais de R&D par suite de la publication du SFAS no 2 et 2) aux différences dans l'utilité de l'information relative aux bénéfices entre entreprises similaires recourant à des méthodes de comptabilisation des frais de R&D qui sont différentes, avant la modification des règles. Dans leur échantillon d'entreprises qui se consacrent à des activités de R&D, les auteurs observent un déclin statistiquement significatif dans l'utilité de l'information relative aux bénéfices chez les entreprises obligées de passer de la capitalisation à la passation en charges des frais de R&D et notent que ce déclin semble persister dans le temps. En outre, la comparaison des données observées chez des entreprises appliquant différentes méthodes de comptabilisation des frais de R&D avant la publication du SFAS no 2 révèle que l'utilité de l'information relative aux bénéfices des entreprises qui capitalisent leurs frais de R&D est beaucoup plus grande que celle de l'information relative aux bénéfices des entreprises qui imputent ces frais à l'exercice.

Suggested Citation

  • Martha L. Loudder & Bruce K. Behn, 1995. "Alternative Income Determination Rules and Earnings Usefulness: The Case of R&D Costs," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 12(1), pages 185-205, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:12:y:1995:i:1:p:185-205
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1911-3846.1995.tb00486.x
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    1. Cho, Joe (Joonghi) & Kim, Heejung, 2024. "Does a consistently capitalized R&D ratio improve information effects of capitalized development expenditures?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    2. Dennis R. Oswald, 2008. "The Determinants and Value Relevance of the Choice of Accounting for Research and Development Expenditures in the United Kingdom," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(1‐2), pages 1-24, January.
    3. Dechow, Patricia & Ge, Weili & Schrand, Catherine, 2010. "Understanding earnings quality: A review of the proxies, their determinants and their consequences," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(2-3), pages 344-401, December.
    4. Anis Jarboui & Ahmed Abdelmoula, 2007. "Opportunisme Managerial, Valorisation Boursiere Et Modes De Comptabilisation Des Depenses Immaterielles Dans Les Pays Emergents," Post-Print halshs-00522296, HAL.
    5. Dennis Oswald & Paul Zarowin, 2007. "Capitalization of R&D and the Informativeness of Stock Prices," European Accounting Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(4), pages 703-726.
    6. Max Hewitt & Frank D. Hodge & Jamie H. Pratt, 2020. "Do Shareholders Assess Managers' Use of Accruals to Manage Earnings as a Negative Signal of Trustworthiness Even When its Outcome Serves Shareholders' Interests?," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(4), pages 2058-2086, December.
    7. Howard Chan & Robert Faff & Philip Gharghori & Yew Ho, 2007. "The relation between R&D intensity and future market returns: does expensing versus capitalization matter?," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 29(1), pages 25-51, July.
    8. Hédi Turki & Ahmed Abdelmoula, 2007. "Les Determinants Des Choix Comptables Relatifs Aux Elements Immateriels Cas Des Entreprises Tunisiennes," Post-Print halshs-00544910, HAL.
    9. Nagy, Albert L. & Neal, Terry L., 2001. "An empirical examination of corporate myopic behavior: a comparison of Japanese and U.S. companies," The International Journal of Accounting, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 91-113, February.

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