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Utilisation par les prêteurs commerciaux de l'information comptable en interaction avec la crédibilité de la source

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  • PHILIP R. BEAULIEU

Abstract

Résumé. La crédibilité des différents emprunteurs commerciaux, que les prêteurs assimilent à la notion de ≪ conduite ≫, influe sur l'utilisation que font ces derniers de l'information comptable. L'incidence de la crédibilité de la source est subtile par rapport à celle de l'opinion des vérificateurs externes sur l'utilisation des états financiers dans d'autres contextes. L'auteur pose l'hypothèse selon laquelle les faits comptables doivent être positifs (c'est†à †dire avaliser le prêt) pour que les faits relatifs à la conduite des emprunteurs influent sur les jugements des prêteurs et sur leurs décisions de prêt. Les faits liés à la conduite des emprunteurs n'auront pas d'incidence appréciable sur les jugements ou les décisions de prêt si les faits comptables sont négatifs (c'est†à †dire qu'ils incitent le prêteur à refuser le prêt). Cette interaction entre les faits comptables et la conduite des emprunteurs devrait s'accentuer à mesure que les prêteurs acquièrent de l'expérience et élaborent des critères qui leur permettent d'évaluer cette conduite. L'auteur s'est livré à une expérience dans le cadre de laquelle des prêteurs ont lu une demande de crédit qui contenait certains faits d'ordre comptable, des faits relatifs à la conduite de l'emprunteur et divers autres renseignements; les faits comptables et les faits portant sur la conduite ont été manipulés de façon qu'ils soient tantôt positifs, tantôt négatifs, ce qui a donné lieu à quatre versions de la demande de crédit. Les prêteurs recommandaient ensuite l'autorisation ou le refus du prêt et estimaient la probabilité que ce dernier soit intégralement remboursé (estimation du risque). L'expérience a permis d'établir les conséquences interactives des faits comptables et des faits liés à la conduite des emprunteurs sur les décisions de prêt et les estimations du risque formulées par les prêteurs, mais les interactions entre les faits comptables et la conduite ne variaient pas, de façon générale, avec le niveau d'expérience. Une différence est cependant digne de mention: les prêteurs expérimentés n'ont jamais autorisé de prêts lorsque les faits comptables étaient négatifs, ce qui n'est pas toujours le cas des prêteurs inexpérimentés.

Suggested Citation

  • Philip R. Beaulieu, 1994. "Utilisation par les prêteurs commerciaux de l'information comptable en interaction avec la crédibilité de la source," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 10(2), pages 587-623, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:10:y:1994:i:2:p:587-623
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1911-3846.1994.tb00407.x
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