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Pause artificial intelligence research? Understanding AI policy challenges

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  • Avi Goldfarb

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) may be the next general purpose technology. General purpose technologies, such as the steam engine and computing, can have an outsized impact on productivity through a positive feedback loop between producing and application industries. Along with the discussion of AI's potential to improve productivity come a number of policy concerns related to AI's potential to automate jobs and to create existential risk for humanity. Because of these worries, in March 2023, a widely circulated petition called for a pause in AI research. That letter asked several questions about AI's potential impact on society. This paper examines those questions through an economic lens. It highlights reasons to be optimistic about the long‐run impact of AI, while underscoring short‐run risks. Economic models provide an understanding of where the ambiguity lies and where it does not. Our models suggest no ambiguity on whether there will be jobs and little ambiguity on long‐term productivity growth if AI diffuses widely. In contrast, there is substantial ambiguity on the implications of AI's diffusion for inequality. Interrompre temporairement la recherche sur l'intelligence artificielle? Comprendre les enjeux politiques de l'IA. L'intelligence artificielle (IA) pourrait être la prochaine technologie universelle. Les technologies universelles, comme la machine à vapeur et l'ordinateur, peuvent avoir une incidence considérable sur la productivité grâce à une boucle de rétroaction positive entre les secteurs de la production et des applications. La discussion sur le potentiel de l'IA à augmenter la productivité s'accompagne d'un certain nombre de préoccupations politiques en lien avec la possibilité d'automatiser des emplois et de créer un risque existentiel pour l'humanité. En raison de ces inquiétudes, en mars 2023, une pétition largement diffusée a réclamé une pause dans la recherche sur l'IA. Cette lettre soulevait plusieurs questions sur l'incidence potentielle de l'IA sur la société. Le présent article examine l'aspect économique de ces questions. Il met en évidence les raisons d'être optimiste quant à l'incidence à long terme de l'IA, tout en soulignant les risques à court terme. Les modèles économiques permettent de comprendre où l'ambiguïté réside. Ces modèles ne laissent planer aucune ambiguïté sur la création d'emplois et la croissance de la productivité à long terme si l'utilisation de l'IA se généralise. En revanche, de nombreuses questions subsistent quant aux conséquences d'une propagation inégale de l'IA.

Suggested Citation

  • Avi Goldfarb, 2024. "Pause artificial intelligence research? Understanding AI policy challenges," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 57(2), pages 363-377, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:57:y:2024:i:2:p:363-377
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12705
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