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Government, trade and comparative advantage, revisited

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  • Makoto Tawada
  • Nobuhito Suga
  • Akihiko Yanase

Abstract

This study conducts a detailed analysis of the production possibility frontier (PPF) in an economy with two goods, each produced using labour and a specific factor as inputs, and public infrastructure, which has positive externalities on the production of each good. We show that if the elasticity of a specific factor input into production is sufficiently small, the PPF has a concave–convex–concave shape. Although our model is similar to the one developed in 1992 by Richard H. Clarida and Ronald Findlay, this possibility was overlooked in their analysis and it can generate trade patterns that are against the law of comparative advantage. Nevertheless, trade is always gainful and, as in the existing studies, trade openness increases the provision of public infrastructure in a country exporting goods whose productivity is highly dependent on infrastructure. We also examine the relationship between factor endowments and comparative advantage. Nouveau regard sur le gouvernement, le commerce et l'avantage comparatif. Cette étude fait une analyse détaillée de la courbe des possibilités de production (CPP) dans une économie qui produit deux types de biens, chacun étant produit à l'aide d'une main‐d'œuvre et d'un facteur précis qui agissent comme intrants, et d'une infrastructure publique qui présente des effets externes positifs sur la production de chaque bien. Nous montrons que si l'élasticité d'un facteur de production précis est suffisamment faible, la CPP présente une forme concave‐convexe‐concave. Notre modèle est semblable à celui développé en 1992 par Richard H. Clarida et Ronald Findlay, mais cette possibilité n'a pas été prise en compte dans leur analyse, ce qui peut générer des structures commerciales qui vont à l'encontre de la loi de l'avantage comparatif. Néanmoins, le commerce est toujours lucratif et, comme dans les études existantes, l'ouverture aux échanges augmente l'offre d'infrastructure publique dans un pays exportateur dont la productivité dépend grandement de l'infrastructure. Nous examinons aussi le lien entre la dotation en facteurs et l'avantage comparatif.

Suggested Citation

  • Makoto Tawada & Nobuhito Suga & Akihiko Yanase, 2022. "Government, trade and comparative advantage, revisited," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 55(2), pages 1135-1165, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:55:y:2022:i:2:p:1135-1165
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12589
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    References listed on IDEAS

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