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The effect of technology choice on specialization and welfare in a two‐country model

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  • Yukiko Sawada

Abstract

This study presents a simple two‐country model in which firms in the manufacturing sector can choose a technology level (high or low). We show how trade costs and productivity levels affect technology choices by the firms in each country, where the fixed cost of adopting high technology differs between the two countries. This depends on the productivity level of the high technology. In particular, if the productivity of high technology is medium and trade costs are not too low, then a technology gap between countries arises. In this case, improving the productivity of the high technology country reduces the welfare level of consumers in the country in which low technology is adopted. To compensate for the welfare loss of the country from the technological improvement, trade costs should be reduced. L’effet du choix de la technologie sur la spécialisation et le bien‐être dans un modèle à deux pays. Cette étude présente un modèle simple à deux pays dans lequel les firmes du secteur manufacturier peuvent choisir une technologie (haute ou basse). On montre comment les coûts de commerce et les niveaux de productivité affectent les choix technologiques par les firmes dans chaque pays, quand le coût fixe de l’adoption d’une haute technologie diffère d’un pays à l’autre. Cela dépend du niveau de productivité de la haute technologie. En particulier, si la productivité de la haute technologie est moyenne, et que les coûts de commerce ne sont pas trop faibles, alors un écart technologique se développe entre pays. Dans ce cas de figure, améliorer la productivité du pays à haute technologie réduit le niveau de bien‐être des consommateurs dans le pays où la basse technologie est adoptée. Pour compenser la perte de bien‐être du pays à cause de l’amélioration technologique, les coûts de commerce doivent être réduits.

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  • Yukiko Sawada, 2017. "The effect of technology choice on specialization and welfare in a two‐country model," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 50(4), pages 1104-1129, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:50:y:2017:i:4:p:1104-1129
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12288
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