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Calculating the real return on a sovereign wealth fund

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  • Andreas Benedictow
  • Pål Boug

Abstract

We present a new methodology for calculating the real return on sovereign wealth funds (SWF) that share the investment objective of maximizing international purchasing power in terms of goods and services. Specifically, we modify the traditional approach for deflating the nominal return along three dimensions: the aggregator formula, the measure of international prices and the weighting scheme. We argue that a geometric average of price levels is an appropriate aggregator formula for capturing the deflationary effects of imports increasingly originating from low‐cost countries, and that import prices paid by the SWF owner and weights reflecting the owner's import pattern are consistent with the investment objective. Our proposed approach, using the Norwegian Government Pension Fund Global as an illustration, raises the estimated average annual real rate of return over the sample period of 1998–2012 from 3.1% to 4.9%. Calculer le taux de rendement réel sur un fond de richesse souveraine. Les auteurs présentent une méthodologie inédite pour calculer le taux de rendement réel sur les fonds de richesse souveraine (FRS) qui ont pour objectif de maximiser le pouvoir d'achat international en termes de biens et services. Spécifiquement, on modifie l'approche traditionnelle en dégonflant les rendements nominaux dans trois directions : en prenant en compte la formule d'agrégation, de la mesure des prix internationaux, et les méthodes de pondération. On propose d'utiliser une moyenne géométrique des niveaux de prix en tant que formule d'agrégation appropriée pour bien prendre en compte les effets déflationnistes des importations en provenance de plus en plus des pays à bas coûts, et de s'assurer que les prix à l'importation payés par le propriétaire du FRS ainsi que les pondérations utilisées pour refléter le pattern des importations du pays propriétaire soient en accord avec l'objectif d'investissement. La proposition des auteurs, utilisant l'expérience du Norwegian Government Pension Fund Global en tant qu'illustration, montre qu'on aurait pu augmenter le taux de rendement moyen annuel réel estimé pour la période 1998–2012 de 3,1 % à 4,9 %.

Suggested Citation

  • Andreas Benedictow & Pål Boug, 2017. "Calculating the real return on a sovereign wealth fund," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 50(2), pages 571-594, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:50:y:2017:i:2:p:571-594
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12270
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Bahoo, Salman & Alon, Ilan & Paltrinieri, Andrea, 2020. "Sovereign wealth funds: Past, present and future," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    2. Jean-Baptiste Hasse & Christelle Lecourt & Souhila Siagh, 2023. "Institutional Stock-Bond Portfolios Rebalancing and Financial Stability," AMSE Working Papers 2322, Aix-Marseille School of Economics, France.
    3. Benedictow, Andreas & Hammersland, Roger, 2023. "Transition risk of a petroleum currency," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    4. Andreas Benedictow & Pål Boug, 2022. "Exact and inexact decompositions of trade price indices," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 62(4), pages 1981-1994, April.
    5. Thomas von Brasch & Ådne Cappelen & Håvard Hungnes & Terje Skjerpen, 2020. "Modeling R&D spillovers to productivity. The effects of tax policy," Discussion Papers 927, Statistics Norway, Research Department.
    6. von Brasch, T. & Cappelen, Å. & Hungnes, H. & Skjerpen, T., 2021. "Modeling R&D spillovers to productivity: The effects of tax credits," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).

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